Grade 10
Students relate the moral and ethical principles in ancient Greek and Roman philosophy, in Judaism, and in Christianity to the development of Western political thought.
Generate resourceAnalyze the similarities and differences in Judeo-Christian and Greco-Roman views of law, reason and faith, and duties of the individual.
Generate resourceTrace the development of the Western political ideas of the rule of law and illegitimacy of tyranny, using selections from Plato's Republic and Aristotle's Politics.
Generate resourceConsider the influence of the U.S. Constitution on political systems in the contemporary world.
Generate resourceStudents analyze instances of nation-building in the contemporary world in at least two of the following regions or countries: the Middle East, Africa, Mexico and other parts of Latin America, and China.
Generate resourceUnderstand the challenges in the regions, including their geopolitical, cultural, military, and economic significance and the international relationships in which they are involved.
Generate resourceDescribe the recent history of the regions, including political divisions and systems, key leaders, religious issues, natural features, resources, and population patterns.
Generate resourceDiscuss the important trends in the regions today and whether they appear to serve the cause of individual freedom and democracy.
Generate resourceStudents analyze the integration of countries into the world economy and the information, technological, and communications revolutions (e.g., television, satellites, computers).
Generate resourceStudents compare and contrast the Glorious Revolution of England, the American Revolution, and the French Revolution and their enduring effects worldwide on the political expectations for self-government and individual liberty.
Generate resourceCompare the major ideas of philosophers and their effects on the democratic revolutions in England, the United States, France, and Latin America (e.g., John Locke, Charles-Louis Montesquieu, Jean-Jacques Rousseau, Simón Bolívar, Thomas Jefferson, James Madison).
Generate resourceList the principles of the Magna Carta, the English Bill of Rights (1689), the American Declaration of Independence (1776), the French Declaration of the Rights of Man and the Citizen (1789), and the U.S. Bill of Rights (1791).
Generate resourceUnderstand the unique character of the American Revolution, its spread to other parts of the world, and its continuing significance to other nations.
Generate resourceExplain how the ideology of the French Revolution led France to develop from constitutional monarchy to democratic despotism to the Napoleonic empire.
Generate resourceDiscuss how nationalism spread across Europe with Napoleon but was repressed for a generation under the Congress of Vienna and Concert of Europe until the Revolutions of 1848.
Generate resourceStudents analyze the effects of the Industrial Revolution in England, France, Germany, Japan, and the United States.
Generate resourceExamine how scientific and technological changes and new forms of energy brought about massive social, economic, and cultural change (e.g., the inventions and discoveries of James Watt, Eli Whitney, Henry Bessemer, Louis Pasteur, Thomas Edison).
Generate resourceDescribe the growth of population, rural to urban migration, and growth of cities associated with the Industrial Revolution.
Generate resourceTrace the evolution of work and labor, including the demise of the slave trade and the effects of immigration, mining and manufacturing, division of labor, and the union movement.
Generate resourceUnderstand the connections among natural resources, entrepreneur-ship, labor, and capital in an industrial economy.
Generate resourceAnalyze the emergence of capitalism as a dominant economic pattern and the responses to it, including Utopianism, Social Democracy, Socialism, and Communism.
Generate resourceDescribe the emergence of Romanticism in art and literature (e.g., the poetry of William Blake and William Wordsworth), social criticism (e.g., the novels of Charles Dickens), and the move away from Classicism in Europe.
Generate resourceStudents analyze patterns of global change in the era of New Imperialism in at least two of the following regions or countries: Africa, Southeast Asia, China, India, Latin America, and the Philippines.
Generate resourceDescribe the rise of industrial economies and their link to imperialism and colonialism (e.g., the role played by national security and strategic advantage; moral issues raised by the search for national hegemony, Social Darwinism, and the missionary impulse; material issues such as land, resources, and technology).
Generate resourceDiscuss the locations of the colonial rule of such nations as England, France, Germany, Italy, Japan, the Netherlands, Russia, Spain, Portugal, and the United States.
Generate resourceExplain imperialism from the perspective of the colonizers and the colonized and the varied immediate and long-term responses by the people under colonial rule.
Generate resourceDescribe the independence struggles of the colonized regions of the world, including the roles of leaders, such as Sun Yat-sen in China, and the roles of ideology and religion.
Generate resourceAnalyze the arguments for entering into war presented by leaders from all sides of the Great War and the role of political and economic rivalries, ethnic and ideological conflicts, domestic discontent and disorder, and propaganda and nationalism in mobilizing the civilian population in support of "total war."
Generate resourceExamine the principal theaters of battle, major turning points, and the importance of geographic factors in military decisions and outcomes (e.g., topography, waterways, distance, climate).
Generate resourceExplain how the Russian Revolution and the entry of the United States affected the course and outcome of the war.
Generate resourceUnderstand the nature of the war and its human costs (military and civilian) on all sides of the conflict, including how colonial peoples contributed to the war effort.
Generate resourceDiscuss human rights violations and genocide, including the Ottoman government's actions against Armenian citizens.
Generate resourceAnalyze the aims and negotiating roles of world leaders, the terms and influence of the Treaty of Versailles and Woodrow Wilson's Fourteen Points, and the causes and effects of the United States's rejection of the League of Nations on world politics.
Generate resourceDescribe the effects of the war and resulting peace treaties on population movement, the international economy, and shifts in the geographic and political borders of Europe and the Middle East.
Generate resourceUnderstand the widespread disillusionment with prewar institutions, authorities, and values that resulted in a void that was later filled by totalitarians.
Generate resourceDiscuss the influence of World War I on literature, art, and intellectual life in the West (e.g., Pablo Picasso, the "lost generation" of Gertrude Stein, Ernest Hemingway).
Generate resourceUnderstand the causes and consequences of the Russian Revolution, including Lenin's use of totalitarian means to seize and maintain control (e.g., the Gulag).
Generate resourceTrace Stalin's rise to power in the Soviet Union and the connection between economic policies, political policies, the absence of a free press, and systematic violations of human rights (e.g., the Terror Famine in Ukraine).
Generate resourceAnalyze the rise, aggression, and human costs of totalitarian regimes (Fascist and Communist) in Germany, Italy, and the Soviet Union, noting especially their common and dissimilar traits.
Generate resourceCompare the German, Italian, and Japanese drives for empire in the 1930s, including the 1937 Rape of Nanking, other atrocities in China, and the Stalin-Hitler Pact of 1939.
Generate resourceUnderstand the role of appeasement, nonintervention (isolationism), and the domestic distractions in Europe and the United States prior to the outbreak of World War II.
Generate resourceIdentify and locate the Allied and Axis powers on a map and discuss the major turning points of the war, the principal theaters of conflict, key strategic decisions, and the resulting war conferences and political resolutions, with emphasis on the importance of geographic factors.
Generate resourceDescribe the political, diplomatic, and military leaders during the war (e.g., Winston Churchill, Franklin Delano Roosevelt, Emperor Hirohito, Adolf Hitler, Benito Mussolini, Joseph Stalin, Douglas MacArthur, Dwight Eisenhower).
Generate resourceAnalyze the Nazi policy of pursuing racial purity, especially against the European Jews; its transformation into the Final Solution; and the Holocaust that resulted in the murder of six million Jewish civilians.
Generate resourceDiscuss the human costs of the war, with particular attention to the civilian and military losses in Russia, Germany, Britain, the United States, China, and Japan.
Generate resourceStudents analyze the international developments in the post-World World War II world.
Generate resourceCompare the economic and military power shifts caused by the war, including the Yalta Pact, the development of nuclear weapons, Soviet control over Eastern European nations, and the economic recoveries of Germany and Japan.
Generate resourceAnalyze the causes of the Cold War, with the free world on one side and Soviet client states on the other, including competition for influence in such places as Egypt, the Congo, Vietnam, and Chile.
Generate resourceUnderstand the importance of the Truman Doctrine and the Marshall Plan, which established the pattern for America's postwar policy of supplying economic and military aid to prevent the spread of Communism and the resulting economic and political competition in arenas such as Southeast Asia (i.e., the Korean War, Vietnam War), Cuba, and Africa.
Generate resourceAnalyze the Chinese Civil War, the rise of Mao Zedong, and the subsequent political and economic upheavals in China (e.g., the Great Leap Forward, the Cultural Revolution, and the Tiananmen Square uprising).
Generate resourceDescribe the uprisings in Poland (1952), Hungary (1956), and Czechoslovakia (1968) and those countries' resurgence in the 1970s and 1980s as people in Soviet satellites sought freedom from Soviet control.
Generate resourceUnderstand how the forces of nationalism developed in the Middle East, how the Holocaust affected world opinion regarding the need for a Jewish state, and the significance and effects of the location and establishment of Israel on world affairs.
Generate resourceAnalyze the reasons for the collapse of the Soviet Union, including the weakness of the command economy, burdens of military commitments, and growing resistance to Soviet rule by dissidents in satellite states and the non-Russian Soviet republics.
Generate resourceDiscuss the establishment and work of the United Nations and the purposes and functions of the Warsaw Pact, SEATO, NATO, and the Organization of American States.
Generate resourceStudents compare the present with the past, evaluating the consequences of past events and decisions and determining the lessons that were learned.
Generate resourceStudents analyze how change happens at different rates at different times; understand that some aspects can change while others remain the same; and understand that change is complicated and affects not only technology and politics but also values and beliefs.
Generate resourceStudents use a variety of maps and documents to interpret human movement, including major patterns of domestic and international migration, changing environmental preferences and settlement patterns, the frictions that develop between population groups, and the diffusion of ideas, technological innovations, and goods.
Generate resourceStudents relate current events to the physical and human characteristics of places and regions.
Generate resourceStudents show the connections, causal and otherwise, between particular historical events and larger social, economic, and political trends and developments.
Generate resourceStudents recognize the complexity of historical causes and effects, including the limitations on determining cause and effect.
Generate resourceStudents interpret past events and issues within the context in which an event unfolded rather than solely in terms of present-day norms and values.
Generate resourceStudents understand the meaning, implication, and impact of historical events and recognize that events could have taken other directions.
Generate resourceStudents analyze human modifications of landscapes and examine the resulting environmental policy issues.
Generate resourceStudents conduct cost-benefit analyses and apply basic economic indicators to analyze the aggregate economic behavior of the U.S. economy.
Generate resourceStudents distinguish valid arguments from fallacious arguments in historical interpretations.
Generate resourceStudents evaluate major debates among historians concerning alternative interpretations of the past, including an analysis of authors' use of evidence and the distinctions between sound generalizations and misleading oversimplifications.
Generate resourceStudents construct and test hypotheses; collect, evaluate, and employ information from multiple primary and secondary sources; and apply it in oral and written presentations.
Generate resourceGrade 10: World History, Culture, and Geography (History-Social Science Framework)
How did ideas associated with the Englightenment, the Scientific Revolution, the Age of Reason, and a variety of democratic revolutions develop and impact civil society
Generate resourceWhy did imperial powers seek to expand their empires? How did colonies respond? What were the legacies of these conquests?
Generate resourceWhy was the modern period defined by global conflict and cooperation, economic growth and collapse, and global independence and connnection?
Generate resourceWhat are individual or natural rights? Who received those rights in the eighteenth century?
Generate resourceWhat were the consequences of trying to implement political revolutionary ideas in Europe, Latin America, and North America?
Generate resourceShould this era of industrialization be called an Industrial Revolution? Why or why not?
Generate resourceWhat were the results of the industrial revolutions? How was technology, and the environment transformed by industrialization?
Generate resourceHow did industrial revolutions affect governments, countries, and national identity in similar and different ways?
Generate resourceHow was imperialism similar and different between colonies in Africa, Asia, and Latin America?
Generate resourceHow did World War I end? What were the consequences of the postwar agreement?
Generate resourceHow did agreements dating from the World War I and postwar periods impact the map of the Middle East?
Generate resourceWhy does the term "lost generation" refer to those who lived through or came of age during these years?
Generate resourceHow did the post-World War I world order contribute to the collapse of the worldwide economy?
Generate resourceWhat were the key ideas of communism? How were the ideas translated on the ground?
Generate resourceWhat was totalitarianism, and how was it implemented in similar and different ways in Japan, Germany, Italy, and the Soviet Union?
Generate resourceWhat were the keys goals of the Axis and Allied powers? How was the war moblized on different fronts?
Generate resourceHow was World War II a total war? How did World War II's actors, goals, and strategies compare with those of World War I?
Generate resourceHow have nations struggled in similar and different ways to achieve economic, political, and social stability?
Generate resourceHow have developing nations worked together to idenitfy and attempt to solve challenges?
Generate resourceEconomic Integration and Contemporary Revolutions in Information, Technology, and Communications
Generate resourceHow has the post-Cold War world and globalization facilitated extremist and terrorist organizations?
Generate resourceGrade 11
Students analyze the significant events in the founding of the nation and its attempts to realize the philosophy of government described in the Declaration of Independence.
Generate resourceDescribe the Enlightenment and the rise of democratic ideas as the context in which the nation was founded.
Generate resourceAnalyze the ideological origins of the American Revolution, the Founding Fathers' philosophy of divinely bestowed unalienable natural rights, the debates on the drafting and ratification of the Constitution, and the addition of the Bill of Rights.
Generate resourceUnderstand the history of the Constitution after 1787 with emphasis on federal versus state authority and growing democratization.
Generate resourceExamine the effects of the Civil War and Reconstruction and of the industrial revolution, including demographic shifts and the emergence in the late nineteenth century of the United States as a world power.
Generate resourceExplain how demands of African Americans helped produce a stimulus for civil rights, including President Roosevelt's ban on racial discrimination in defense industries in 1941, and how African Americans' service in World War II produced a stimulus for President Truman's decision to end segregation in the armed forces in 1948.
Generate resourceExamine and analyze the key events, policies, and court cases in the evolution of civil rights, including Dred Scott v. Sandford, Plessy v. Ferguson, Brown v. Board of Education, Regents of the University of California v. Bakke, and California Proposition 209.
Generate resourceDescribe the collaboration on legal strategy between African American and white civil rights lawyers to end racial segregation in higher education.
Generate resourceExamine the roles of civil rights advocates (e.g., A. Philip Randolph, Martin Luther King, Jr., Malcolm X, Thurgood Marshall, James Farmer, Rosa Parks), including the significance of Martin Luther King, Jr.'s "Letter from Birmingham Jail" and "I Have a Dream" speech.
Generate resourceDiscuss the diffusion of the civil rights movement of African Americans from the churches of the rural South and the urban North, including the resistance to racial desegregation in Little Rock and Birmingham, and how the advances influenced the agendas, strategies, and effectiveness of the quests of American Indians, Asian Americans, and Hispanic Americans for civil rights and equal opportunities.
Generate resourceAnalyze the passage and effects of civil rights and voting rights legislation (e.g., 1964 Civil Rights Act, Voting Rights Act of 1965) and the Twenty-Fourth Amendment, with an emphasis on equality of access to education and to the political process.
Generate resourceAnalyze the women's rights movement from the era of Elizabeth Cady Stanton and Susan B. Anthony and the passage of the Nineteenth Amendment to the movement launched in the 1960s, including differing perspectives on the roles of women.
Generate resourceStudents analyze the major social problems and domestic policy issues in contemporary American society.
Generate resourceDiscuss the reasons for the nation's changing immigration policy, with emphasis on how the Immigration Act of 1965 and successor acts have transformed American society.
Generate resourceDiscuss the significant domestic policy speeches of Truman, Eisenhower, Kennedy, Johnson, Nixon, Carter, Reagan, Bush, and Clinton (e.g., with regard to education, civil rights, economic policy, environmental policy).
Generate resourceDescribe the changing roles of women in society as reflected in the entry of more women into the labor force and the changing family structure.
Generate resourceTrace the impact of, need for, and controversies associated with environmental conservation, expansion of the national park system, and the development of environmental protection laws, with particular attention to the interaction between environmental protection advocates and property rights advocates.
Generate resourceAnalyze the persistence of poverty and how different analyses of this issue influence welfare reform, health insurance reform, and other social policies.
Generate resourceExplain how the federal, state, and local governments have responded to demographic and social changes such as population shifts to the suburbs, racial concentrations in the cities, Frostbelt-to-Sunbelt migration, international migration, decline of family farms, increases in out-of-wedlock births, and drug abuse.
Generate resourceStudents analyze the relationship among the rise of industrialization, large-scale rural-to-urban migration, and massive immigration from Southern and Eastern Europe.
Generate resourceKnow the effects of industrialization on living and working conditions, including the portrayal of working conditions and food safety in Upton Sinclair's The Jungle.
Generate resourceDescribe the changing landscape, including the growth of cities linked by industry and trade, and the development of cities divided according to race, ethnicity, and class.
Generate resourceAnalyze the effect of urban political machines and responses to them by immigrants and middle-class reformers.
Generate resourceDiscuss corporate mergers that produced trusts and cartels and the economic and political policies of industrial leaders.
Generate resourceTrace the economic development of the United States and its emergence as a major industrial power, including its gains from trade and the advantages of its physical geography.
Generate resourceAnalyze the similarities and differences between the ideologies of Social Darwinism and Social Gospel (e.g., using biographies of William Graham Sumner, Billy Sunday, Dwight L. Moody).
Generate resourceUnderstand the effect of political programs and activities of the Progressives (e.g., federal regulation of railroad transport, Children's Bureau, the Sixteenth Amendment, Theodore Roosevelt, Hiram Johnson).
Generate resourceStudents analyze the role religion played in the founding of America, its lasting moral, social, and political impacts, and issues regarding religious liberty.
Generate resourceDescribe the contributions of various religious groups to American civic principles and social reform movements (e.g., civil and human rights, individual responsibility and the work ethic, antimonarchy and self-rule, worker protection, family-centered communities).
Generate resourceAnalyze the great religious revivals and the leaders involved in them, including the First Great Awakening, the Second Great Awakening, the Civil War revivals, the Social Gospel Movement, the rise of Christian liberal theology in the nineteenth century, the impact of the Second Vatican Council, and the rise of Christian fundamentalism in current times.
Generate resourceCite incidences of religious intolerance in the United States (e.g., persecution of Mormons, anti-Catholic sentiment, anti-Semitism).
Generate resourceDiscuss the expanding religious pluralism in the United States and California that resulted from large-scale immigration in the twentieth century.
Generate resourceDescribe the principles of religious liberty found in the Establishment and Free Exercise clauses of the First Amendment, including the debate on the issue of separation of church and state.
Generate resourceStudents trace the rise of the United States to its role as a world power in the twentieth century.
Generate resourceDiscuss America's role in the Panama Revolution and the building of the Panama Canal.
Generate resourceExplain Theodore Roosevelt's Big Stick diplomacy, William Taft's Dollar Diplomacy, and Woodrow Wilson's Moral Diplomacy, drawing on relevant speeches.
Generate resourceAnalyze the political, economic, and social ramifications of World War I on the home front.
Generate resourceTrace the declining role of Great Britain and the expanding role of the United States in world affairs after World War II.
Generate resourceStudents analyze the major political, social, economic, technological, and cultural developments of the 1920s.
Generate resourceDiscuss the policies of Presidents Warren Harding, Calvin Coolidge, and Herbert Hoover.
Generate resourceAnalyze the international and domestic events, interests, and philosophies that prompted attacks on civil liberties, including the Palmer Raids, Marcus Garvey's "back-to-Africa" movement, the Ku Klux Klan, and immigration quotas and the responses of organizations such as the American Civil Liberties Union, the National Association for the Advancement of Colored People, and the Anti-Defamation League to those attacks.
Generate resourceExamine the passage of the Eighteenth Amendment to the Constitution and the Volstead Act (Prohibition).
Generate resourceAnalyze the passage of the Nineteenth Amendment and the changing role of women in society.
Generate resourceDescribe the Harlem Renaissance and new trends in literature, music, and art, with special attention to the work of writers (e.g., Zora Neale Hurston, Langston Hughes).
Generate resourceTrace the growth and effects of radio and movies and their role in the worldwide diffusion of popular culture.
Generate resourceDiscuss the rise of mass production techniques, the growth of cities, the impact of new technologies (e.g., the automobile, electricity), and the resulting prosperity and effect on the American landscape.
Generate resourceStudents analyze the different explanations for the Great Depression and how the New Deal fundamentally changed the role of the federal government.
Generate resourceDescribe the monetary issues of the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries that gave rise to the establishment of the Federal Reserve and the weaknesses in key sectors of the economy in the late 1920s.
Generate resourceUnderstand the explanations of the principal causes of the Great Depression and the steps taken by the Federal Reserve, Congress, and Presidents Herbert Hoover and Franklin Delano Roosevelt to combat the economic crisis.
Generate resourceDiscuss the human toll of the Depression, natural disasters, and unwise agricultural practices and their effects on the depopulation of rural regions and on political movements of the left and right, with particular attention to the Dust Bowl refugees and their social and economic impacts in California.
Generate resourceAnalyze the effects of and the controversies arising from New Deal economic policies and the expanded role of the federal government in society and the economy since the 1930s (e.g., Works Progress Administration, Social Security, National Labor Relations Board, farm programs, regional development policies, and energy development projects such as the Tennessee Valley Authority, California Central Valley Project, and Bonneville Dam).
Generate resourceTrace the advances and retreats of organized labor, from the creation of the American Federation of Labor and the Congress of Industrial Organizations to current issues of a postindustrial, multinational economy, including the United Farm Workers in California.
Generate resourceExamine the origins of American involvement in the war, with an emphasis on the events that precipitated the attack on Pearl Harbor.
Generate resourceExplain U.S. and Allied wartime strategy, including the major battles of Midway, Normandy, Iwo Jima, Okinawa, and the Battle of the Bulge.
Generate resourceIdentify the roles and sacrifices of individual American soldiers, as well as the unique contributions of the special fighting forces (e.g., the Tuskegee Airmen, the 442nd Regimental Combat team, the Navajo Code Talkers).
Generate resourceAnalyze Roosevelt's foreign policy during World War II (e.g., Four Freedoms speech).
Generate resourceDiscuss the constitutional issues and impact of events on the U.S. home front, including the internment of Japanese Americans (e.g., Fred Korematsu v. United States of America) and the restrictions on German and Italian resident aliens; the response of the administration to Hitler's atrocities against Jews and other groups; the roles of women in military production; and the roles and growing political demands of African Americans.
Generate resourceDescribe major developments in aviation, weaponry, communication, and medicine and the war's impact on the location of American industry and use of resources.
Generate resourceDiscuss the decision to drop atomic bombs and the consequences of the decision (Hiroshima and Nagasaki).
Generate resourceAnalyze the effect of massive aid given to Western Europe under the Marshall Plan to rebuild itself after the war and the importance of a rebuilt Europe to the U.S. economy.
Generate resourceStudents analyze the economic boom and social transformation of post-World War II America.
Generate resourceTrace the growth of service sector, white collar, and professional sector jobs in business and government.
Generate resourceDescribe the significance of Mexican immigration and its relationship to the agricultural economy, especially in California.
Generate resourceAnalyze new federal government spending on defense, welfare, interest on the national debt, and federal and state spending on education, including the California Master Plan.
Generate resourceDescribe the increased powers of the presidency in response to the Great Depression, World War II, and the Cold War.
Generate resourceDiscuss the diverse environmental regions of North America, their relationship to local economies, and the origins and prospects of environmental problems in those regions.
Generate resourceDescribe the effects on society and the economy of technological developments since 1945, including the computer revolution, changes in communication, advances in medicine, and improvements in agricultural technology.
Generate resourceDiscuss forms of popular culture, with emphasis on their origins and geographic diffusion (e.g., jazz and other forms of popular music, professional sports, architectural and artistic styles).
Generate resourceDiscuss the establishment of the United Nations and International Declaration of Human Rights, International Monetary Fund, World Bank, and General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade (GATT) and their importance in shaping modern Europe and maintaining peace and international order.
Generate resourceUnderstand the role of military alliances, including NATO and SEATO, in deterring communist aggression and maintaining security during the Cold War.
Generate resourceTrace the origins and geopolitical consequences (foreign and domestic) of the Cold War and containment policy, including the following:<ul><li>The era of McCarthyism, instances of domestic Communism (e.g., Alger Hiss) and blacklisting</li><li>The Truman Doctrine</li><li>The Berlin Blockade</li><li>The Korean War</li><li>The Bay of Pigs invasion and the Cuban Missile Crisis</li><li>Atomic testing in the American West, the "mutual assured destruction" doctrine, and disarmament policies</li><li>The Vietnam War</li><li>Latin American policy</li></ul>
Generate resourceList the effects of foreign policy on domestic policies and vice versa (e.g., protests during the war in Vietnam, the "nuclear freeze" movement).
Generate resourceAnalyze the role of the Reagan administration and other factors in the victory of the West in the Cold War.
Generate resourceDescribe U.S. Middle East policy and its strategic, political, and Content economic interests, including those related to the Gulf War.
Generate resourceExamine relations between the United States and Mexico in the twentieth century, including key economic, political, immigration, and environmental issues.
Generate resourceStudents compare the present with the past, evaluating the consequences of past events and decisions and determining the lessons that were learned.
Generate resourceStudents analyze how change happens at different rates at different times; understand that some aspects can change while others remain the same; and understand that change is complicated and affects not only technology and politics but also values and beliefs.
Generate resourceStudents use a variety of maps and documents to interpret human movement, including major patterns of domestic and international migration, changing environmental preferences and settlement patterns, the frictions that develop between population groups, and the diffusion of ideas, technological innovations, and goods.
Generate resourceStudents relate current events to the physical and human characteristics of places and regions.
Generate resourceStudents show the connections, causal and otherwise, between particular historical events and larger social, economic, and political trends and developments.
Generate resourceStudents recognize the complexity of historical causes and effects, including the limitations on determining cause and effect.
Generate resourceStudents interpret past events and issues within the context in which an event unfolded rather than solely in terms of present-day norms and values.
Generate resourceStudents understand the meaning, implication, and impact of historical events and recognize that events could have taken other directions.
Generate resourceStudents analyze human modifications of landscapes and examine the resulting environmental policy issues.
Generate resourceStudents conduct cost-benefit analyses and apply basic economic indicators to analyze the aggregate economic behavior of the U.S. economy.
Generate resourceStudents distinguish valid arguments from fallacious arguments in historical interpretations.
Generate resourceStudents evaluate major debates among historians concerning alternative interpretations of the past, including an analysis of authors' use of evidence and the distinctions between sound generalizations and misleading oversimplifications.
Generate resourceStudents construct and test hypotheses; collect, evaluate, and employ information from multiple primary and secondary sources; and apply it in oral and written presentations.
Generate resourceUnited States History and Geography: Continuity and Change in the Twentieth Century
Generate resourceGrade 11: United States History and Geography (History-Social Science Framework)
How did the federal government grow between the late nineteenth and twenty-first centuries?
Generate resourceHow did the United States' population become more diverse over the twentieth century?
Generate resourceHow did the country change because of the Civil War and Reconstruction in the nineteenth century?
Generate resourceHow did America's economy, industries, and population grow after the Civil War?
Generate resourceWho came to the United States at the end of the nineteenth and beginning of the twentieth century? Why did they come? What was their experience like when they arrived?
Generate resourceHow did the federal government impact the country's growth in the years following the Civil War?
Generate resourceWhy did women want the right to vote, and how did they convince men to grant it to them?
Generate resourceWhy did Americans not want to join World War II before the bombing at Pearl Harbor?
Generate resourceHow was the war mobilized and fought differently in the Atlantic versus the Pacific?
Generate resourceHow did World War II serve to advance movements for equality at home and abroad?
Generate resourceHow did the government work to combat the perceived threat of communism domestically?
Generate resourceHow was the war in Vietnam similar to and different from the other Cold War struggles?
Generate resourceHow has the role of the federal government (and especially the presidency) changed from the 1920s through more recent times?
Generate resourceWhy is the United States more diverse now than it was in the middle of the 20th century?
Generate resourceIn what ways have issues such as education; civil rights for people of color, immigrants, and lesbian, gay, bisexual, and transgender (LGBTQ) Americans, and disabled Americans; economy policy; recognition of economic, social and cultural rights; the environment; and the status of women remained unchanged over time? In what ways have they changed?
Generate resourceGrade 12
Students explain the fundamental principles and moral values of American democracy as expressed in the U.S. Constitution and other essential documents of American democracy.
Generate resourceAnalyze the influence of ancient Greek, Roman, English, and leading European political thinkers such as John Locke, Charles-Louis Montesquieu, Niccolò Machiavelli, and William Blackstone on the development of American government.
Generate resourceDiscuss the character of American democracy and its promise and perils as articulated by Alexis de Tocqueville.
Generate resourceIdentify the difference between monetary and nonmonetary incentives and how changes in incentives cause changes in behavior.
Generate resourceExplain how the U.S. Constitution reflects a balance between the classical republican concern with promotion of the public good and the classical liberal concern with protecting individual rights; and discuss how the basic premises of liberal constitutionalism and democracy are joined in the Declaration of Independence as "self-evident truths."
Generate resourceEvaluate the role of private property as an incentive in conserving and improving scarce resources, including renewable and non-renewable natural resources.
Generate resourceExplain how the Founding Fathers' realistic view of human nature led directly to the establishment of a constitutional system that limited the power of the governors and the governed as articulated in the Federalist Papers.
Generate resourceAnalyze the role of a market economy in establishing and preserving political and personal liberty (e.g., through the works of Adam Smith).
Generate resourceDescribe the systems of separated and shared powers, the role of organized interests (Federalist Paper Number 10), checks and balances (Federalist Paper Number 51), the importance of an independent judiciary (Federalist Paper Number 78), enumerated powers, rule of law, federalism, and civilian control of the military.
Generate resourceUnderstand that the Bill of Rights limits the powers of the federal government and state governments.
Generate resourceStudents formulate questions about and defend their analyses of tensions within our constitutional democracy and the importance of maintaining a balance between the following concepts: majority rule and individual rights; liberty and equality; state and national authority in a federal system; civil disobedience and the rule of law; freedom of the press and the right to a fair trial; the relationship of religion and government.
Generate resourceStudents evaluate and take and defend positions on the scope and limits of rights and obligations as democratic citizens, the relationships among them, and how they are secured.
Generate resourceUnderstand the relationship of the concept of incentives to the law of supply and the relationship of the concept of incentives and substitutes to the law of demand.
Generate resourceDiscuss the meaning and importance of each of the rights guaranteed under the Bill of Rights and how each is secured (e.g., freedom of religion, speech, press, assembly, petition, privacy).
Generate resourceDiscuss the economic principles that guide the location of agricultural production and industry and the spatial distribution of transportation and retail facilities.
Generate resourceDiscuss the effects of changes in supply and/or demand on the relative scarcity, price, and quantity of particular products.
Generate resourceExplain how economic rights are secured and their importance to the individual and to society (e.g., the right to acquire, use, transfer, and dispose of property; right to choose one's work; right to join or not join labor unions; copyright and patent).
Generate resourceExplain the roles of property rights, competition, and profit in a market economy.
Generate resourceDiscuss the individual's legal obligations to obey the law, serve as a juror, and pay taxes.
Generate resourceExplain how prices reflect the relative scarcity of goods and services and perform the allocative function in a market economy.
Generate resourceUnderstand the obligations of civic-mindedness, including voting, being informed on civic issues, volunteering and performing public service, and serving in the military or alternative service.
Generate resourceUnderstand the process by which competition among buyers and sellers determines a market price.
Generate resourceDescribe the reciprocity between rights and obligations; that is, why enjoyment of one's rights entails respect for the rights of others.
Generate resourceExplain how one becomes a citizen of the United States, including the process of naturalization (e.g., literacy, language, and other requirements).
Generate resourceAnalyze how domestic and international competition in a market economy affects goods and services produced and the quality, quantity, and price of those products.
Generate resourceExplain the role of profit as the incentive to entrepreneurs in a market economy.
Generate resourceStudents analyze the influence of the federal government on the American economy.
Generate resourceStudents evaluate and take and defend positions on what the fundamental values and principles of civil society are (i.e., the autonomous sphere of voluntary personal, social, and economic relations that are not part of government), their interdependence, and the meaning and importance of those values and principles for a free society.
Generate resourceUnderstand how the role of government in a market economy often includes providing for national defense, addressing environmental concerns, defining and enforcing property rights, attempting to make markets more competitive, and protecting consumers' rights.
Generate resourceExplain how civil society provides opportunities for individuals to associate for social, cultural, religious, economic, and political purposes.
Generate resourceIdentify the factors that may cause the costs of government actions to outweigh the benefits.
Generate resourceExplain how civil society makes it possible for people, individually or in association with others, to bring their influence to bear on government in ways other than voting and elections.
Generate resourceDescribe the aims of government fiscal policies (taxation, borrowing, spending) and their influence on production, employment, and price levels.
Generate resourceUnderstand the aims and tools of monetary policy and their influence on economic activity (e.g., the Federal Reserve).
Generate resourceCompare the relationship of government and civil society in constitutional democracies to the relationship of government and civil society in authoritarian and totalitarian regimes.
Generate resourceStudents analyze the unique roles and responsibilities of the three branches of government as established by the U.S. Constitution.
Generate resourceUnderstand the operations of the labor market, including the circumstances surrounding the establishment of principal American labor unions, procedures that unions use to gain benefits for their members, the effects of unionization, the minimum wage, and unemployment insurance.
Generate resourceDiscuss Article I of the Constitution as it relates to the legislative branch, including eligibility for office and lengths of terms of representatives and senators; election to office; the roles of the House and Senate in impeachment proceedings; the role of the vice president; the enumerated legislative powers; and the process by which a bill becomes a law.
Generate resourceDescribe the current economy and labor market, including the types of goods and services produced, the types of skills workers need, the effects of rapid technological change, and the impact of international competition.
Generate resourceDiscuss wage differences among jobs and professions, using the laws of demand and supply and the concept of productivity.
Generate resourceIdentify their current representatives in the legislative branch of the national government.
Generate resourceExplain the effects of international mobility of capital and labor on the U.S. economy.
Generate resourceDiscuss Article II of the Constitution as it relates to the executive branch, including eligibility for office and length of term, election to and removal from office, the oath of office, and the enumerated executive powers.
Generate resourceDiscuss Article III of the Constitution as it relates to judicial power, including the length of terms of judges and the jurisdiction of the Supreme Court.
Generate resourceExplain the processes of selection and confirmation of Supreme Court justices.
Generate resourceStudents summarize landmark U.S. Supreme Court interpretations of the Constitution and its amendments.
Generate resourceUnderstand the changing interpretations of the Bill of Rights over time, including interpretations of the basic freedoms (religion, speech, press, petition, and assembly) articulated in the First Amendment and the due process and equal-protection-of-the-law clauses of the Fourteenth Amendment.
Generate resourceDefine, calculate, and explain the significance of an unemployment rate, the number of new jobs created monthly, an inflation or deflation rate, and a rate of economic growth.
Generate resourceAnalyze judicial activism and judicial restraint and the effects of each policy over the decades (e.g., the Warren and Rehnquist courts).
Generate resourceDistinguish between short-term and long-term interest rates and explain their relative significance.
Generate resourceEvaluate the effects of the Court's interpretations of the Constitution in Marbury v. Madison, McCulloch v. Maryland, and United States v. Nixon, with emphasis on the arguments espoused by each side in these cases.
Generate resourceExplain the controversies that have resulted over changing interpretations of civil rights, including those in Plessy v. Ferguson, Brown v. Board of Education, Miranda v. Arizona, Regents of the University of California v. Bakke, Adarand Constructors, Inc. v. Pena, and United States v. Virginia (VMI).
Generate resourceStudents analyze issues of international trade and explain how the U.S. economy affects, and is affected by, economic forces beyond the United States's borders.
Generate resourceStudents evaluate issues regarding campaigns for national, state, and local elective offices.
Generate resourceIdentify the gains in consumption and production efficiency from trade, with emphasis on the main products and changing geographic patterns of twentieth-century trade among countries in the Western Hemisphere.
Generate resourceAnalyze the origin, development, and role of political parties, noting those occasional periods in which there was only one major party or were more than two major parties.
Generate resourceCompare the reasons for and the effects of trade restrictions during the Great Depression compared with present-day arguments among labor, business, and political leaders over the effects of free trade on the economic and social interests of various groups of Americans.
Generate resourceDiscuss the history of the nomination process for presidential candidates and the increasing importance of primaries in general elections
Generate resourceUnderstand the changing role of international political borders and territorial sovereignty in a global economy.
Generate resourceEvaluate the roles of polls, campaign advertising, and the controversies over campaign funding.
Generate resourceExplain foreign exchange, the manner in which exchange rates are determined, and the effects of the dollar's gaining (or losing) value relative to other currencies.
Generate resourceDescribe the means that citizens use to participate in the political process (e.g., voting, campaigning, lobbying, filing a legal challenge, demonstrating, petitioning, picketing, running for political office).
Generate resourceDiscuss the features of direct democracy in numerous states (e.g., the process of referendums, recall elections).
Generate resourceAnalyze trends in voter turnout; the causes and effects of reapportionment and redistricting, with special attention to spatial districting and the rights of minorities; and the function of the Electoral College.
Generate resourceStudents analyze and compare the powers and procedures of the national, state, tribal, and local governments.
Generate resourceExplain how conflicts between levels of government and branches of government are resolved.
Generate resourceIdentify the major responsibilities and sources of revenue for state and local governments.
Generate resourceDiscuss the Ninth and Tenth Amendments and interpretations of the extent of the federal government's power.
Generate resourceExplain how public policy is formed, including the setting of the public agenda and implementation of it through regulations and executive orders.
Generate resourceCompare the processes of lawmaking at each of the three levels of government, including the role of lobbying and the media.
Generate resourceIdentify the organization and jurisdiction of federal, state, and local (e.g., California) courts and the interrelationships among them.
Generate resourceUnderstand the scope of presidential power and decision making through examination of case studies such as the Cuban Missile Crisis, passage of Great Society legislation, War Powers Act, Gulf War, and Bosnia.
Generate resourceStudents evaluate and take and defend positions on the influence of the media on American political life.
Generate resourceDescribe the roles of broadcast, print, and electronic media, including the Internet, as means of communication in American politics.
Generate resourceExplain how public officials use the media to communicate with the citizenry and to shape public opinion.
Generate resourceStudents analyze the origins, characteristics, and development of different political systems across time, with emphasis on the quest for political democracy, its advances, and its obstacles.
Generate resourceExplain how the different philosophies and structures of feudalism, mercantilism, socialism, fascism, communism, monarchies, parliamentary systems, and constitutional liberal democracies influence economic policies, social welfare policies, and human rights practices.
Generate resourceCompare the various ways in which power is distributed, shared, and limited in systems of shared powers and in parliamentary systems, including the influence and role of parliamentary leaders (e.g., William Gladstone, Margaret Thatcher).
Generate resourceDiscuss the advantages and disadvantages of federal, confederal, and unitary systems of government.
Generate resourceDescribe for at least two countries the consequences of conditions that gave rise to tyrannies during certain periods (e.g., Italy, Japan, Haiti, Nigeria, Cambodia).
Generate resourceIdentify the forms of illegitimate power that twentieth-century African, Asian, and Latin American dictators used to gain and hold office and the conditions and interests that supported them.
Generate resourceIdentify the ideologies, causes, stages, and outcomes of major Mexican, Central American, and South American revolutions in the nineteenth and twentieth centuries.
Generate resourceDescribe the ideologies that give rise to Communism, methods of maintaining control, and the movements to overthrow such governments in Czechoslovakia, Hungary, and Poland, including the roles of individuals (e.g., Alexander Solzhenitsyn, Pope John Paul II, Lech Walesa, Vaclav Havel).
Generate resourceIdentify the successes of relatively new democracies in Africa, Asia, and Latin America and the ideas, leaders, and general societal conditions that have launched and sustained, or failed to sustain, them.
Generate resourceStudents compare the present with the past, evaluating the consequences of past events and decisions and determining the lessons that were learned.
Generate resourceStudents analyze how change happens at different rates at different times; understand that some aspects can change while others remain the same; and understand that change is complicated and affects not only technology and politics but also values and beliefs.
Generate resourceStudents use a variety of maps and documents to interpret human movement, including major patterns of domestic and international migration, changing environmental preferences and settlement patterns, the frictions that develop between population groups, and the diffusion of ideas, technological innovations, and goods.
Generate resourceStudents relate current events to the physical and human characteristics of places and regions.
Generate resourceStudents show the connections, causal and otherwise, between particular historical events and larger social, economic, and political trends and developments.
Generate resourceStudents recognize the complexity of historical causes and effects, including the limitations on determining cause and effect.
Generate resourceStudents interpret past events and issues within the context in which an event unfolded rather than solely in terms of present-day norms and values.
Generate resourceStudents understand the meaning, implication, and impact of historical events and recognize that events could have taken other directions.
Generate resourceStudents analyze human modifications of landscapes and examine the resulting environmental policy issues.
Generate resourceStudents conduct cost-benefit analyses and apply basic economic indicators to analyze the aggregate economic behavior of the U.S. economy.
Generate resourceStudents distinguish valid arguments from fallacious arguments in historical interpretations.
Generate resourceStudents evaluate major debates among historians concerning alternative interpretations of the past, including an analysis of authors' use of evidence and the distinctions between sound generalizations and misleading oversimplifications.
Generate resourceStudents construct and test hypotheses; collect, evaluate, and employ information from multiple primary and secondary sources; and apply it in oral and written presentations.
Generate resourceGrade 12: Principles of American Democracy (History-Social Science Framework)
What are the key elements of representative democracy, and how did they develop over time?
Generate resourceWhat problems are posed by representative government, and how can they be addressed?
Generate resourceWhat do the terms liberty and equality mean, and how do they relate to each other?
Generate resourceWhat are the trade-offs between majority rule and the protection of individual rights?
Generate resourceWhat makes a law or an action unconstitutional, and does that determination ever change?
Generate resourceWhat level of government is the most important to me--local, state, tribal, or federal?
Generate resourceWhat level of government is the most powerful--local, state, tribal, or federal?
Generate resourceDo media outlets provide enough relevant information about government and politics to allow citizens to vote and participate in a well-informed way?
Generate resourceHow has the Internet revolution impacted journalism, and what are its effects on the coverage of public affairs and current issues?
Generate resourceWhy have some revolutions been followed by purges of dissidents, mass arrests of political opponents, murder of "class enemies," suppression of free speech, abolition of private property, and attacks on religious groups?
Generate resourceWhy do authoritarian governments spy on their citizens and prevent them from emigrating? Why do they jail or harass critics of their government? Why is only one party allowed in an authoritarian state? Why do ordinary people risk their lives to flee or transform authoritarian states?
Generate resourceHow do individual countries combat terrorist organizations that do not recognize international norms or boundaries? How can individual citizens or nongovernmental organizations improve civil society? How can multinational alliances work together to combat climate change?
Generate resourceGrade 12: Principles of Economics (History-Social Science Framework)
How is econmics about scarcity, investment, growth, employment, competition, protection, entrepreneurship, and markets?
Generate resourceHow does globalization affect international and national economies and individuals?
Generate resourceGrade 9
Students compare the present with the past, evaluating the consequences of past events and decisions and determining the lessons that were learned.
Generate resourceStudents analyze how change happens at different rates at different times; understand that some aspects can change while others remain the same; and understand that change is complicated and affects not only technology and politics but also values and beliefs.
Generate resourceStudents use a variety of maps and documents to interpret human movement, including major patterns of domestic and international migration, changing environmental preferences and settlement patterns, the frictions that develop between population groups, and the diffusion of ideas, technological innovations, and goods.
Generate resourceStudents relate current events to the physical and human characteristics of places and regions.
Generate resourceStudents show the connections, causal and otherwise, between particular historical events and larger social, economic, and political trends and developments.
Generate resourceStudents recognize the complexity of historical causes and effects, including the limitations on determining cause and effect.
Generate resourceStudents interpret past events and issues within the context in which an event unfolded rather than solely in terms of present-day norms and values.
Generate resourceStudents understand the meaning, implication, and impact of historical events and recognize that events could have taken other directions.
Generate resourceStudents analyze human modifications of landscapes and examine the resulting environmental policy issues.
Generate resourceStudents conduct cost-benefit analyses and apply basic economic indicators to analyze the aggregate economic behavior of the U.S. economy.
Generate resourceStudents distinguish valid arguments from fallacious arguments in historical interpretations.
Generate resourceStudents evaluate major debates among historians concerning alternative interpretations of the past, including an analysis of authors' use of evidence and the distinctions between sound generalizations and misleading oversimplifications.
Generate resourceStudents construct and test hypotheses; collect, evaluate, and employ information from multiple primary and secondary sources; and apply it in oral and written presentations.
Generate resource