Grade 8 CTE CA Core Standards

Pathway Standards

Knowledge and Performance

Academics

Technical Knowledge and Skills

Interpret and explain terminology and practices specific to the Agriculture and Natural Resources sector.

Comply with the rules, regulations, and expectations of all aspects of the Agriculture and Natural Resources sector.

Construct projects and products specific to the Agriculture and Natural Resources sector requirements and expectations.

Collaborate with industry experts for specific technical knowledge and skills.

Interpret and explain the aims, purposes, history, and structure of the FFA student organization and know the opportunities it makes available.

Manage, and actively engage in, a career-related, supervised agricultural experience.

Understand the importance of maintaining and completing the California Agricultural Record Book.

Maintain and troubleshoot equipment used in the agricultural industry.

Demonstration and Application

Utilize work-based/workplace learning experiences to demonstrate and expand upon knowledge and skills gained during classroom instruction and laboratory practices specific to the Agriculture and Natural Resources sector program of study.

Demonstrate proficiency in a career technical pathway that leads to certification, licensure, and/or continued learning at the postsecondary level.

Demonstrate entrepreneurship skills and knowledge of self-employment options and innovative ventures.

Employ entrepreneurial practices and behaviors appropriate to Agriculture and Natural Resources sector opportunities.

Create a portfolio, or similar collection of work, that offers evidence through assessment and evaluation of skills and knowledge competency as contained in the anchor standards, pathway standards, and performance indicators.

Communications

Recognize the elements of communication using a sender–receiver model.

Identify barriers to accurate and appropriate communication.

Interpret verbal and nonverbal communications and respond appropriately.

Demonstrate elements of written and electronic communication, such as accurate spelling, grammar, and format.

Communicate information and ideas effectively to multiple audiences using a variety of media and formats.

Advocate and practice safe, legal, and responsible use of digital media information and communications technologies.

Career Planning and Management

Identify personal interests, aptitudes, information, and skills necessary for informed career decision making.

Evaluate personal character traits, such as trust, respect, and responsibility, and understand the impact they can have on career success.

Explore how information and communication technologies are used in career planning and decision making.

Research the scope of career opportunities available and the requirements for education, training, certification, and licensure.

Integrate changing employment trends, societal needs, and economic conditions into career planning.

Recognize the role and function of professional organizations, industry associations, and organized labor in a productive society.

Recognize the importance of small business in the California and global economies.

Understand how digital media are used by potential employers and postsecondary agencies to evaluate candidates.

Develop a career plan that reflects career interests, pathways, and postsecondary options.

Technology

Use electronic reference materials to gather information and produce products and services.

Employ Web-based communications responsibly and effectively to explore complex systems and issues.

Use information and communication technologies to synthesize, summarize, compare, and contrast information from multiple sources.

Discern the quality and value of information collected using digital technologies, and recognize bias and intent of the associated sources.

Research past, present, and projected technological advances as they impact a particular pathway.

Assess the value of various information and communication technologies to interact with constituent populations as part of a search of the current literature or in relation to the information task.

Demonstrate the use of appropriate tools and technology used in the Agriculture and Natural Resources sector.

Problem Solving and Critical Thinking

Identify and ask significant questions that clarify various points of view to solve problems.

Solve predictable and unpredictable work-related problems using various types of reasoning (inductive, deductive) as appropriate.

Use systems thinking to analyze how various components interact with each other to produce outcomes in a complex work environment.

Interpret information and draw conclusions, based on the best analysis, to make informed decisions.

Health and Safety

Locate, and adhere to, Material Safety Data Sheet (MSDS) instructions.

Interpret policies, procedures, and regulations for the workplace environment, including employer and employee responsibilities.

Use health and safety practices for storing, cleaning, and maintaining tools, equipment, and supplies.

Practice personal safety when lifting, bending, or moving equipment and supplies.

Demonstrate how to prevent and respond to work-related accidents or injuries; this includes demonstrating an understanding of ergonomics.

Maintain a safe and healthful working environment.

Be informed of laws/acts pertaining to the Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA).

Responsibility and Flexibility

Recognize how financial management impacts the economy, workforce, and community.

Explain the importance of accountability and responsibility in fulfilling personal, community, and workplace roles.

Understand the need to adapt to changing and varied roles and responsibilities.

Practice time management and efficiency to fulfill responsibilities.

Apply high-quality techniques to product or presentation design and development.

Demonstrate knowledge and practice of responsible financial management.

Demonstrate the qualities and behaviors that constitute a positive and professional work demeanor, including appropriate attire for the profession.

Explore issues of global significance and document the impact on the Agriculture and Natural Resources sector.

Ethics and Legal Responsibilities

Access, analyze, and implement quality assurance standards of practice.

Identify local, district, state, and federal regulatory agencies, entities, laws, and regulations related to the Agriculture and Natural Resources industry sector.

Demonstrate ethical and legal practices consistent with Agriculture and Natural Resources sector workplace standards.

Explain the importance of personal integrity, confidentiality, and ethical behavior in the workplace.

Analyze organizational culture and practices within the workplace environment.

Adhere to copyright and intellectual property laws and regulations, and use and appropriately cite proprietary information.

Conform to rules and regulations regarding sharing of confidential information, as determined by Agriculture and Natural Resources sector laws and practices.

Leadership and Teamwork

Understand how to organize and structure work, individually and in teams, for effective performance and the attainment of goals.

Define leadership and identify the responsibilities, competencies, and behaviors of successful leaders.

Explain multiple approaches to conflict resolution and their appropriateness for a variety of situations in the workplace.

Demonstrate how to interact with others in ways that demonstrate respect for individual and cultural differences and for the attitudes and feelings of others.

Participate in group or team activities, including those offered by the student organization, that develop skills in leadership, cooperation, collaboration, and effective decision making.

Identify the characteristics of successful teams, including leadership, cooperation, collaboration, and effective decision-making skills, as applied in groups, teams, and career technical student organization activities.

Understand the characteristics and benefits of teamwork, leadership, and citizenship in the school, community, and workplace setting.

Explain how professional associations and organizations and associated leadership development and competitive career development activities enhance academic preparation, promote career choices, and contribute to employment opportunities.

Understand that the modern world is an international community and requires an expanded global view.

Respect individual and cultural differences and recognize the importance of diversity in the workplace.

Participate in interactive teamwork to solve real Agriculture and Natural Resources sector issues and problems.

Define the characteristics and benefits of teamwork, leadership, and citizenship in the school, community, and workplace settings.

Identify the ways in which pre-professional associations, such as the Future Farmers of America (FFA), and competitive career development activities enhance academic skills, promote career choices, and contribute to employability.

Agricultural Business Pathway

Demonstrate an understanding of decision-making processes within the American freeenterprise system.

Differentiate among the components of the American free-enterprise system and other forms of economic systems.

Distinguish among the main characteristics of individual proprietorships, partnerships, corporations, franchises, and cooperatives.

Compare the advantages and disadvantages of the types of business ownership.

Analyze appropriate decision-making tools and financial records to make key management decisions.

Analyze physical production relationships to determine optimum use levels.

Calculate the fixed and variable costs associated with the production of agricultural products and determine the output level that will yield maximum profit.

Explain the fundamental economic principles of agribusiness and agricultural production.

Identify basic economic factors affecting agricultural production and agribusiness management decisions.

Communicate basic agricultural economic terminology.

Apply the law of supply and demand and evaluate its effect on price determination.

Assess how agriculture uses scarce resources to meet the needs and demands of its consumers.

Differentiate between elastic and inelastic supply and demand.

Predict how the law of diminishing returns impacts agricultural production.

Explore the role of credit in agribusiness and agricultural production.

Analyze the factors that determine the cost of credit in order to select optimum credit sources (e.g., the advantages and disadvantages of borrowing from the various types of credit providers and sources for short-term, intermediate-term, and long-term credit).

Research and discuss the criteria lenders use to evaluate repayment capacity.

Evaluate balance sheets and cash-flow statements to determine the ability to repay loans.

Use proper accounting principles and procedures to accomplish fiscal management and tax planning.

Compare and contrast cash and accrual accounting systems.

Demonstrate the use and describe the importance of budgets, income statements, balance sheets, and financial statements.

Interpret the basis of taxation within the tax system and its impact on the economy, including the role of taxes in agribusiness.

Analyze the role of depreciation and purchasing in tax planning and liability.

Determine property values and complete a depreciation schedule.

Formulate the tax obligations for an agribusiness.

Manage risk and uncertainty.

Explore environmental issues that impact agribusiness.

Determine the meaning and importance of risk and uncertainty.

Describe alternative approaches to reducing risk, including the use of insurance for product liability, property, production or income loss, and for personnel life and health.

Maintain appropriate evidence (e.g., Point of Origin, pick/pack dates, production records) to support and defend risk management.

Identify best practices and include in farm planning to reduce risk.

Prepare a comprehensive risk management and contingency plan.

Evaluate the role and value of agricultural organizations.

Distinguish the benefits of private, public, and governmental organizations, including the value and impact of cooperatives.

Understand how participation in organizations would be beneficial in supporting various agricultural operations.

Identify, and electronically access, public and private agricultural organizations.

Understand agricultural marketing systems.

Explain how marketing functions in a free-market society.

Compare the advantages and disadvantages of the various marketing options for agricultural products and services.

Analyze how the law of comparative advantage affects agricultural production.

Explore the impact of advertising, promotion, and data analysis on the marketing of agricultural products and services.

Assess how promotion trends for agricultural products influence individuals.

Develop a marketing plan for an agricultural product or service.

Understand the sales of agricultural products and services.

Determine the most effective methods for assessing customer needs and wants.

Describe the stages in making a successful sale and the various techniques used to approach potential customers and overcome their objections.

Examine the physiological and psychological factors that influence motivation to purchase, including the fundamental steps in making a purchase.

Differentiate among local, national, and international agricultural markets and communicate how trade affects the economy.

Describe how the importance of agricultural imports and exports affects state and national economies.

Summarize how governmental, economic, and cultural factors affect international trade.

Compare and contrast United States trade policies with those of other important trading partners.

Research how biotechnology affects trade and global economies.

Evaluate how different cultural values affect agricultural production and marketing.

Explain how negotiations and bargaining agreements affect trade agreements.

Analyze agricultural marketing strategies in other parts of the world.

Agricultural Mechanics Pathway

Implement personal and group safety practices.

Practice the rules for personal and group safety while working in an agricultural mechanics environment.

Integrate accepted shop management procedures and a safe working environment.

Safely secure loads on a variety of vehicles.

Understand small and compact engines.

Understand and explain engine theory, including the application of mathematical and/or physical science laws for both two- and four-stroke cycle engines.

Differentiate among types of small engines and their applications.

Identify small-engine parts and explain the various systems (e.g., fuel, ignition, compression, cooling, and lubrication systems).

Troubleshoot and solve problems with small engines.

Disassemble, inspect, adjust, and reassemble a small engine.

Look up and order parts, apply repair and maintenance recommendations from a repair manual, and complete appropriate forms, including work orders.

Understand the principles and applications of various engines and machinery used in agriculture.

Identify common agricultural machinery and implements.

Calibrate, operate, and maintain equipment safely and efficiently.

Summarize the theory, operation, and troubleshooting of various types of engines found on agricultural machinery, including cooling, fuel, and lubrication systems.

Explain the theory, operation, and troubleshooting of hydraulic systems.

Explain the theory, operation, and troubleshooting of power train and power take-off systems.

Understand the theory and operation of 12-volt DC electronic and electrical systems (e.g., circuit design, starting, charging, and safety circuits).

Apply land measurement and construction techniques commonly used in agriculture.

Describe common surveying techniques used in agriculture (e.g., leveling, land measurement, building layout, GPS).

Draw and interpret architectural plans.

Install single- and three-phase wiring and control systems found in agricultural structures, pumps, and irrigation systems.

Install plumbing in agricultural structures (e.g., potable water, sewer, irrigation).

Form, place, and finish concrete or masonry (e.g., concrete block).

Construct agricultural structures by using wood framing and steel framing systems (e.g., barns, shops, greenhouses, animal structures).

Develop clear and concise agricultural construction contracts.

Apply the principles of basic woodworking.

Identify common wood products, lumber types, and sizes.

Measure and lay out lumber, calculating board feet and square feet.

Identify, select, and implement basic fastening systems.

Complete a woodworking project, including interpreting a plan, developing a bill of materials and cutting list, selecting materials, shaping, joining, and finishing.

Demonstrate basic electricity principles and wiring practices commonly used in agriculture.

Explain the relationship between voltage, amperage, resistance, and power in single-phase alternating current (AC) circuits.

Use proper electrical test equipment for AC and direct current (DC) circuits.

Analyze and correct basic circuit problems (e.g., open circuits, short circuits, incorrect grounding).

Implement proper basic electrical circuit and wiring techniques using nonmetallic cable and conduit as defined by the National Electric Code (NEC).

Interpret basic agricultural electrical plans.

Complete an electrical project, including interpreting a plan, following NEC code, selecting materials and components, and completing a circuit.

Select and apply plumbing system practices commonly used in agriculture.

Match appropriate basic plumbing fitting skills with a variety of materials, such as copper, polyvinyl chloride (PVC), steel, polyethylene, and acrylonitrile butadiene styrene (ABS).

Explain the environmental influences on plumbing and irrigation system choices (e.g., filter systems, water disposal, drip vs. flood).

Research and communicate how various plumbing and irrigation systems are used in agriculture.

Complete a plumbing project, including interpreting a plan, developing a bill of materials and cutting list, selecting materials, joining, and testing.

Understand agricultural cold metal processes.

Identify common metals, sizes, and shapes.

Demonstrate basic tool-fitting skills.

Properly lay out materials for a given project.

Demonstrate basic cold metal processes (e.g., shearing, cutting, drilling, threading, bending).

Complete a cold metal project, including interpreting a plan, developing a bill of materials, selecting materials, shaping, fastening, and finishing.

Understand concrete and masonry practices commonly used in agriculture.

Identify and explain the use of concrete and masonry tools and demonstrate proper handling of concrete materials.

Practice bed preparation, concrete forms layout, and construction.

Complete a concrete or masonry project, including calculating volume, developing a bill of materials, assembling, mixing, placing, and finishing.

Understand oxy-fuel cutting and welding.

Explain the role of heat and oxidation in the cutting process.

Properly set up, adjust, shut down, and maintain an oxy-fuel system.

Flame-cut metal with an oxy-fuel cutting torch.

Fusion-weld mild steel with and without filler rod by using oxy-fuel equipment.

Repair metal objects using a variety of techniques, such as brazing or hard surfacing.

Understand electric arc welding processes.

Select, properly adjust, safely employ, and maintain appropriate welding equipment (e.g., gas metal arc welding, shielded metal arc welding, gas tungsten arc welding).

Read welding symbols and plans, select electrodes, fit-up joints, and control heat and distortion.

Apply gas metal arc welding, shielded metal arc welding, or flux core arc welding processes to fusion-weld mild steel with appropriate welding electrodes and related equipment.

Weld a variety of joints in various positions.

Assimilate metallurgy principles and fabrication techniques.

Define metallurgy principles, including distortion, hardening, tempering, and annealing.

Operate and maintain fabrication tools and equipment safely and appropriately.

Operate and maintain various arc welding and cutting systems safely and appropriately.

Design project plans by using mechanical drawing techniques.

Finish a metal project by implementing proper sequencing.

Manipulate and finish metal by using a variety of tools, machines, and techniques (e.g., lathe, mill, CNC plasma, shears, press break, grinders, and sanders).

Construct a welding project using any electric welding process, appropriate products, joints, and positions, which will include interpreting a plan, determining proper assembly sequence, developing a bill of materials and cutting list, selecting and acquiring materials, and developing a clear and concise fabrication contract.

Agriscience Pathway

Evaluate the role of agriculture in the California economy.

Understand the history of the agricultural industry in California.

Describe how California agriculture affects the quality of life.

Analyze the interrelationship of California agriculture and society at the local, state, national, and international levels.

Research the economic impact of leading California agricultural commodities.

Assess the economic impact of major natural resources in California.

Distinguish between the economic importance of major agricultural exports and imports.

Explore factors that affect food safety and producers' responsibilities to consumers.

Explain soil science principles.

Recognize the major soil components and types.

Summarize how soil texture, structure, pH, and salinity affect plant growth.

Assess water delivery and irrigation system options.

Differentiate among the types, uses, and applications of amendments and fertilizers.

Analyze plant growth and development.

Understand the anatomy and functions of plant systems and structures.

Identify plant growth requirements.

Discern between annual, biennial, and perennial life cycles.

Examine sexual and asexual reproduction in plants.

Understand photosynthesis and the roles of the sun, chlorophyll, sugar, oxygen, carbon dioxide, and water in the process.

Summarize the respiration process in the breakdown of food and organic matter.

Understand fundamental pest management.

Classify agricultural pests (e.g., insects, weeds, disease, and vertebrates).

Compare chemical, mechanical, cultural, and biological methods of plant pest control.

Analyze the major principles, advantages, and disadvantages of integrated pest management.

Design agricultural experiments using the scientific method.

State the steps of the scientific method.

Analyze an agricultural problem and devise a solution based on the scientific method.

Examine the interrelationship between agriculture and the environment.

Identify important agricultural environmental impacts on soil, water, and air.

Explain current environmental challenges related to agriculture.

Summarize how natural resources are used in agriculture.

Compare and contrast practices for conserving renewable and nonrenewable resources.

Research how new energy sources are developed from agricultural products (e.g., gascogeneration and ethanol).

Analyze the effects of technology on agriculture.

Describe how technology affects the logistics of moving an agricultural commodity from producer to consumer.

Understand how technology influences factors such as labor, efficiency, diversity, availability, mechanization, and communication.

Communicate public concern for technological advancements in agriculture, such as genetically modified organisms.

Research the laws and regulations concerning biotechnology.

Integrate the use of technology when collecting and analyzing data.

Determine the importance of animals, the domestication of animals, and the role of animals in modern society.

Understand the evolution and roles of domesticated animals in society.

Differentiate between domestication and natural selection.

Compile the modern-day uses of animals and animal by-products.

Defend various points of view regarding the use of animals.

Research unique and alternative uses of animals (e.g., therapeutic riding programs and companion animals).

Compare the structure and function of plants, animals, bacteria, and viruses.

Identify the function of cells.

Analyze the anatomy and physiology of cells.

Understand various cell actions, such as osmosis and cell division.

Compare and contrast plant and animal cells, bacteria, and viruses.

Explore animal anatomy and systems.

State the names, and find the locations, of the external anatomy of animals.

Explain the anatomy and major functions of vertebrate systems, including digestive, reproductive, circulatory, nervous, muscular, skeletal, respiratory, and endocrine systems.

Comprehend basic animal genetics.

Differentiate between genotype and phenotype and describe how dominant and recessive genes function.

Compare genetic characteristics among cattle, sheep, swine, and horse breeds.

Predict phenotype and genotype ratios by using a Punnett Square.

Explain the fertilization process.

Distinguish between the purpose and processes of mitosis and meiosis.

Understand fundamental animal nutrition and feeding.

Identify types of nutrients required by farm animals (e.g., proteins, minerals, vitamins, carbohydrates, fats/oils, water).

Analyze suitable common feed ingredients, including forages, roughages, concentrates, and supplements for ruminant, monogastric, equine, and avian digestive systems.

Understand basic animal feeding guidelines and evaluate sample feeding programs for various species, including space requirements and economic considerations.

Evaluate basic animal health.

Assess the appearance and behavior of a normal, healthy animal.

Explain the ways in which housing, sanitation, and nutrition influence animal health and behavior.

Analyze the causes and controls of common animal diseases.

Summarize effective techniques for controlling parasites and explain why controlling parasites is important.

Research the legal requirements for the procurement, storage, methods of application, and withdrawal times of animal medications, and know proper equipment handling and disposal techniques.

Animal Science Pathway

Evaluate the necessary elements for proper animal housing and animal-handling equipment.

Design an animal facility focusing on appropriate space and location requirements for habitat, housing, feed, and water.

Select habitat and housing conditions and materials, such as indoor and outdoor housing, fencing materials, air flow/ventilation, and shelters, to meet the needs of various animal species.

Interpret animal behaviors and execute protocols for safe handling of animals.

Defend the purpose and the safe and humane use of animal husbandry tools, such as hoof trimmers, electric shears, elastrators, dehorning tools, and scales.

Demonstrate understanding of the production of large animals (e.g., cattle, horses, swine, sheep, goats) and small animals (e.g., poultry, cavy, rabbits).

Formulate and implement optimum requirements for diet, genetics, habitat, and behavior in the production of large and small animals.

Develop, maintain, and use growth and management records for large or small animals to make data-driven management decisions.

Demonstrate understanding of the production of specialty animals (e.g., fish, marine animals, llamas, and tall, flightless birds).

Assess specialty animals' role in agriculture (e.g., fish farms, pack animals, working dogs).

Explore the unique nutrition, health, and habitat requirements for specialty animals.

Synthesize and implement optimum requirements for diet, genetics, habitat, and behavior in the production of specialty animals.

Develop, maintain, and utilize growth and management records for specialty animals to make data-driven management decisions.

Understand how animal products and by-products are processed and marketed.

Research animal harvest, carcass inspection and grading, and meat processing safety regulations and practices and the removal and disposal of nonedible by-products, such as those outlined in Hazard Analysis and Critical Control Point, Sanitation Standard Operating Procedures, and good manufacturing practices documents.

Compare the relative importance of the major meat, dairy, and egg classifications, including the per-capita consumption and nutritive value of those classifications.

Discuss how meat-based, dairy, and egg retail products are produced.

Describe how nonmeat products, such as wool, pelts, hides, and by-products, are harvested and processed.

Evaluate how meat products and nonmeat products are marketed.

Compare the value of animal by-products to nonagricultural industries.

Apply point-of-origin safety and sanitation procedures in the production, harvest, handling, processing, and storing of meat products.

Apply principles of animal nutrition to ensure the proper growth, development, reproduction, and economic production of animals.

Assess the flow of nutrients from the soil, through the animal, and back to the soil.

Explore the principles for providing proper, balanced rations for a variety of production stages in ruminants and monogastrics.

Compare the digestive processes of the ruminant, monogastric, avian, and equine digestive systems.

Distinguish how animal nutrition is affected by the digestive, endocrine, and circulatory systems.

Apply principles of comparative anatomy and physiology to uses within various animal systems.

Compare and contrast animal cells, tissues, organs, and body systems.

Develop efficient procedures to produce consistently high-quality animals that are well suited for their intended purposes.

Relate the importance of animal organs to the health, growth, and reproduction of animals.

Demonstrate understanding of animal reproduction, including the function of reproductive organs.

Illustrate animal conception, including estrus cycles, ovulation, and insemination.

Research the gestation process and basic fetal development.

Explain the parturition process, including the identification of potential problems and their solutions.

Select animal breeding methods based on reproductive and economic efficiency.

Select a breeding system based on the principles of genetics.

Discuss animal inheritance and selection principles, including the structure and role of deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA).

Evaluate a group of animals for desired qualities, and discern among them for breeding selection.

Select animals, based on quantitative breeding values, for specific characteristics.

Research and discuss current technology used to measure desirable traits.

Predict phenotypic and genotypic results of a dominant and recessive gene pair.

Research the role of mutations, both naturally occurring and artificially induced, and hybrids in animal genetics.

Prescribe and implement a prevention treatment program for animal diseases, parasites, and other disorders.

Evaluate the signs of normal health in contrast to illness and disease.

Analyze the importance of animal behavior in diagnosing animal sickness and disease.

Research common pathogens, vectors, and hosts that cause disease in animals.

Evaluate preventative measures for controlling and limiting the spread of diseases, parasites, and disorders among animals.

Discuss procedures used at the local, state, and national levels to ensure biosecurity of the animal industry.

Explain the health risk of zoonotic diseases to humans, their historical influence, and future implications.

Discuss the impacts on local, national, and global economies, as well as on consumers and producers, when animal diseases are not appropriately contained and eradicated.

Explore common pasture and rangeland management practices and their impact on a balanced ecosystem.

Evaluate a rangeland and identify methods of rangeland improvement used in an effective animal production program.

Summarize how rangeland management practices affect pasture production, erosion control, and the general balance of the ecosystem.

Develop a management plan for rangelands, including how to calculate carrying capacity, for a variety of animal species and locations.

Evaluate a plan to balance rangeland use for animal grazing and for wildlife habitat.

Explain challenges associated with animal waste management.

Assess treatment and disposal management systems for animal waste.

Compare various methods for using animal waste and the environmental impacts associated with each method.

Research the health and safety regulations that are an integral part of properly managed animal waste systems.

Assess animal welfare concerns and management practices that support animal welfare.

Evaluate the early warning signs of animal distress and how to rectify the problem.

Discuss consumer concerns with animal production practices relative to human health.

Summarize federal and state animal welfare laws and regulations, such as those dealing with abandoned and neglected animals, animal fighting, euthanasia, and medical research.

Research the regulations for humane transportation and harvesting of animals, such as those delineated by the U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA) Food Safety and Inspection Service and the Humane Methods of Slaughter Act.

Forestry and Natural Resources Pathway

Understand the importance of energy and energy cycles.

Diagram the oxygen, carbon, nitrogen, and water cycles.

Differentiate between renewable and nonrenewable energy sources.

Differentiate between natural resource management conservation strategies and preservation strategies.

Compare the effects on air and water quality of using different forms of energy.

Analyze the way in which human activities influence energy cycles and natural resource management.

Implement forest management practices.

Describe how social, political, and economic factors can affect the use of forests.

Discuss the California Forest Practice Act and the requirements for Timber Harvest and Habitat Conservation Plans.

Analyze forest management systems (e.g., sustained yield, watershed management, ecosystem management, multiple-use management).

Analyze harvest and renewability (e.g., reseeding and thinning) systems and identify the impact of each on the land.

Explain silvicultural systems and skills and use appropriate related tools.

Identify and diagnose damage from destructive insects, diseases, and weather and choose methods for their management.

Understand the basic concepts of measurement, surveying, and mapping.

Describe the Public Land Survey System.

Use surveying equipment, including global positioning satellites, maps, and a compass, to determine area, boundaries, and elevation differences.

Apply timber-cruising and log-scaling skills to determine timber and log volume for management and marketing.

Create a management plan map that includes layer information and data points from global information systems.

Produce, harvest, process, and market products from natural resource industries.

Explain the marketing processes and manufacturing standards for a variety of natural resource products, including mining, quarrying, and drilling.

Process natural resource products adhering to manufacturing standards.

Analyze the production of specialty and seasonal products from natural resources.

Compare different wood types and their uses.

Diagram lumber manufacturing processes.

Understand public and private land issues.

Interpret the differences between publicly and privately held lands.

Explain the differences between public land designations (e.g., State Park, National Forest, wilderness areas, wild and scenic areas).

Compare the role of public and private property rights and how they affect agriculture.

Describe the role of government in managing public and private property rights.

Understand air and water use, their management practices, and conservation strategies.

Explain the government's role in regulating air, soil, and water use management practices and conservation strategies.

Research and discuss air and water conservation issues.

Define appropriate water conservation measures.

Interpret the component of a plan that monitors water quality.

Interpret the component of a plan that monitors air quality.

Analyze the way in which water management affects the environment and human needs.

Explore soil composition and soil management.

Demonstrate techniques used to classify soils.

Explain the reasons for, and importance of, soil conservation.

Analyze soils found in the different natural resource management areas.

Develop and implement a soil management plan for a natural resource management area.

Understand how to analyze existing soil surveys to develop effective management plans.

Explore rangeland management.

Map the locations of major U.S. and California rangeland areas.

Summarize the interrelationship of rangeland management, the environment, wildlife management, and the livestock industry.

Define practices used to improve rangeland quality.

Analyze the carrying capacity in various rangelands for both wildlife species and domestic livestock.

Distinguish among different browse and forage species in California rangelands.

Evaluate a rangeland and develop a rangeland monitoring plan.

Analyze the requirements and rights accompanying public land grazing permits and the government agencies involved (e.g., Bureau of Land Management and U.S. Forest Service) and abide by specific laws pertaining to natural resource systems.

Investigate wildlife management and habitat.

Describe the relationship between habitat and wildlife population.

List habitat requirements for different species and identify factors that influence population dynamics.

Determine existing wildlife species populations.

Explain mammalian and avian reproductive processes and infer how nutrition and habitat affect reproduction and population.

Differentiate among a variety of management practices used to manage wildlife populations for hunting and other recreational purposes.

Analyze the economic and environmental significance of sport hunting and fishing industries.

Research and report on the purpose, history, terminology, and challenges of the Endangered Species Act and current activities related to the Act.

Understand aquatic resource use and management.

Summarize the different types of aquatic resources.

Identify and describe the major body parts, digestive systems, and reproductive organs of aquatic species.

Determine the populations of existing aquatic species using a variety of methods.

Analyze the relationship between water quality and aquatic species habitat.

Explore a variety of management practices for managing aquatic species for sport fishing and other purposes.

Make financial and production decisions and maintain growth and management records for a selected aquatic species.

Understand the outdoor recreation industry.

List the potential environmental impacts of recreational activities and describe how to manage the resources affected.

Demonstrate basic survival skills and first aid procedures.

Construct and maintain trails.

Select appropriate recreational gear for trips of varying types and durations and how to use it safely and appropriately (for minimum environmental impact).

Set up a campsite for minimum environmental impact.

Explore basic plant physiology, anatomy, and taxonomy.

Use scientific method to classify animals, including order, family, genus, and species.

Use a dichotomous key to identify plants and animals.

Identify local trees, shrubs, grasses, forbs, and wildlife species by common name.

Recognize and explain the factors that influence plant growth, such as respiration, temperature, nutrients, and photosynthesis.

Explore the role of fire in natural resource management.

Differentiate between desirable and undesirable fire in forest and rangeland ecosystems.

Explain the significance of each of the components of the "fire triangle."

Know appropriate wildland fire-suppression practices.

Develop a fire-control plan.

Use fire-control tools safely.

Research and report on the training requirements for fire-suppression certification.

Ornamental Horticulture Pathway

Compare and contrast the hierarchical classification of plants.

Practice how to classify and identify plants by order, family, genus, and species.

Demonstrate how to identify plants by using a dichotomous key.

Illustrate how common plant parts are used to classify the plants.

Distinguish how to classify and identify plants by using botanical growth habits, landscape uses, and cultural requirements.

Identify and select plants for local landscape applications.

Understand basic landscape planning, design, construction, and maintenance.

Utilize terms associated with landscape and design in appropriate context.

Produce a residential design, including how to render design to scale using design technology and principles.

Use proper landscape planting and maintenance practices.

Prune ornamental shrubs, trees, and fruit trees.

Produce clear and concise landscape business contracts.

Understand basic floral design principles.

Demonstrate the use of plant materials and tools.

Apply basic design principles to products and designs.

Handle, prepare, and arrange cut flowers appropriately.

Develop a marketing and merchandising strategy to use in the floral industry.

Summarize plant physiology and growth principles.

Understand plant systems, nutrient transportation, structure, and energy storage.

Diagram the seed's essential parts and explain the functions of each.

Explain how primary, secondary, and trace elements are used in plant growth.

Experiment with the factors that influence plant growth, including water, nutrients, light, soil, air, and climate.

Differentiate the tissues seen in a cross section of woody and herbaceous plants.

Explore the factors that affect plant growth.

Demonstrate plant propagation techniques.

Explain the different forms of sexual and asexual plant reproduction.

Demonstrate the various techniques for successful plant propagation (e.g., budding, grafting, cuttings, seeds).

Utilize and monitor plant reproduction for the development of a saleable product.

Develop and implement a plan for basic integrated pest management.

Read and interpret pesticide labels and understand safe pesticide management practices.

Research how pesticide regulations and government agencies affect agriculture.

Identify common horticultural pests and diseases and methods of controlling them.

Design an integrated approach to solving plant problems.

Summarize water and soil (media) management practices.

Explain how basic soil science and water principles affect plant growth.

Illustrate basic irrigation design and installation methods.

Prepare and amend soils, implement soil conservation methods, and compare results.

Research major issues related to water sources and water quality.

Explain the components of soilless media and test the use of those media in various types of containers.

Apply ornamental plant nutrition practices.

Analyze how primary and secondary nutrients and trace elements affect ornamental plants.

Use basic nutrient testing procedures on soil and plant tissue.

Analyze organic and inorganic fertilizers to understand their appropriate uses.

Read and interpret labels to properly apply fertilizers.

Develop a plan for the selection, installation, and maintenance of turf.

Explain the selection and management of landscape and sports field turf.

Demonstrate how to select, install, and maintain a designated turf grass area.

Distinguish how the use of turf benefits the environment.

Employ nursery production principles.

Demonstrate the proper use of production facilities and common nursery equipment.

Use common nursery production practices.

Demonstrate how to propagate and maintain a horticultural crop to the point of sale.

Design a marketing and merchandising strategy to use in nursery production.

Demonstrate the proper use of containers and horticultural tools, equipment, and facilities.

Use different types of containers and demonstrate how to maintain growing containers in controlled environments.

Operate and maintain selected hand and power equipment safely and appropriately.

Select proper tools for specific horticultural jobs.

Install landscape components and electrical, land, and water features.

Plant and Soil Science Pathway

Apply plant classification principles.

Classify and identify plants by order, family, genus, and species.

Practice how to identify plants by using a dichotomous key.

Demonstrate how common plant parts are used to classify the plants.

Communicate the differences between, and uses of, native and nonnative plants.

Distinguish the differences between monocots and dicots.

Explain the differences between plants under production and weeds.

Apply local crop management and production practices.

Practice local cultural techniques, including monitoring, pruning, fertilization, planting, irrigation, harvest treatments, processing, and packaging practices for various tree, grain, hay, and vegetable classes.

Explain common marketing and shipping characteristics of local commodities.

Interpret general maturity and harvest-time guidelines for specific local plant products.

Apply point-of-origin safety and sanitation procedures in the production, harvesting, handling, processing, and storing of edible plant products.

Research how changing technology, such as micro-propagation, biological pest controls, and genetic engineering (including DNA extraction and gel electrophoresis), affects plant production, yields, and management.

Demonstrate competence in applications of scientific principles and techniques in plant science.

Explain the various technology advancements that affect plant and soil science, such as global positioning systems, global information systems, variable rate technology, and remote sensing.

Assess how herbicide-resistant plant genes can affect the environment.

Communicate how genetic engineering techniques have been used to improve crop yields.

Compare and contrast the effects of agricultural biotechnology, including genetically modified organisms, on the agriculture industry and the larger society and the pros and cons of such use.

Explore cell biology.

Compare differences between prokaryotic cells and plant and animal eukaryotic cells and how viruses differ from them in complexity and general structure.

Test plant cellular function reactions when plants are grown under different conditions.

Explain functions organelles play in the health of the cell.

Recognize the part of the cell that is responsible for the genetic information that controls plant growth and development.

Summarize plant inheritance principles, including the structure and role of DNA.

List which organelles in plant cells carry out photosynthesis.

Understand plant physiology and growth principles.

Investigate plant systems, nutrient transportation, and energy storage.

Label the seed's essential parts and describe their functions.

Discern how primary, secondary, and trace elements are used in plant growth.

Research the factors that influence plant growth, including water, nutrients, light, soil, air, and climate.

Identify the tissues seen in a cross section of woody and herbaceous plants.

Conduct experiment(s) testing the factors that affect plant growth and predict plant response.

Demonstrate an understanding of sexual and asexual reproduction of plants.

Explain the different forms of sexual and asexual plant reproduction.

Demonstrate the various techniques for successful plant propagation (e.g., budding, grafting, cuttings, and seeds).

Use the proper sterile technique used in tissue culture.

Assess pest problems and management.

Demonstrate how to categorize insects as pests, beneficial or neutral, and describe their roles.

Explain the role of other pests, such as nematodes, molds, mildews, and weeds.

Compare and contrast conventional, sustainable, and organic management methods to prevent or treat plant disease symptoms.

Use integrated pest management to prevent, treat, and control plant disease symptoms (including conventional, sustainable, and organic management methods).

Research how biotechnology can be used to manage pests.

Assess the role of soils in plant production.

Understand soil types, soil texture, structure, and bulk density and explain the U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA) soil-quality rating procedure.

Analyze soil properties necessary for successful plant production, including pH, electrical conductivity (EC), and essential nutrients.

Explain soil biology and diagram the cycles in nature as related to the soil food chain.

Research how soil biology affects the environment and natural resources.

Integrate effective tillage and soil conservation management practices.

Plan how to effectively manage and conserve soil through conventional, minimum, conservation, and no-tillage irrigation and through drainage and tillage practices.

Assess how global positioning systems, surveying, laser leveling, and other tillage practices conserve soil.

Use tools such as the USDA and the local Resource Conservation District soil survey maps to determine appropriate soil management practices.

Evaluate effective water management practices.

Summarize California water history, current issues, water rights, water law, and water transfer through different distribution projects throughout the state.

Research and describe the local, state, and federal agencies that regulate water quality and availability in California.

Define the definition of a watershed and explain how it is used to measure water quality.

Explain effective water management and conservation practices, including the use of tailwater ponds.

Use water-testing standards and perform bioassay and macro-invertebrate protocols to assess water quality.

Explain the concept of an "agrosystem" approach to production.

Identify and classify the plants and animals in an agricultural system (as producers, consumers, or decomposers).

Compare and contrast the elements of conventional, sustainable, and organic production systems.

Differentiate among the components of "whole-system management."

Game Design and Integration Pathway

Production and Managerial Arts Pathway

Performing Arts Pathway

Design, Visual, and Media Arts Pathway

Pathway Standards

Knowledge and Performance

Academics

Technical Knowledge and Skills

Interpret and explain terminology and practices specific to the Arts, Media, and Entertainment sector.

Comply with the rules, regulations, and expectations of all aspects of the Arts, Media, and Entertainment sector.

Construct projects and products specific to the Arts, Media, and Entertainment sector requirements and expectations.

Collaborate with industry experts for specific technical knowledge and skills.

Demonstration and Application

Utilize work-based/workplace learning experiences to demonstrate and expand upon knowledge and skills gained during classroom instruction and laboratory practices specific to the Arts, Media, and Entertainment sector program of study.

Demonstrate proficiency in a career technical pathway that leads to certification, licensure, and/or continued learning at the postsecondary level.

Demonstrate entrepreneurship skills and knowledge of self-employment options and innovative ventures.

Employ entrepreneurial practices and behaviors appropriate to Arts, Media, and Entertainment sector opportunities.

Create a portfolio, or similar collection of work, that offers evidence through assessment and evaluation of skills and knowledge competency as contained in the anchor standards, pathway standards, and performance indicators.

Communications

Recognize the elements of communication using a sender–receiver model.

Identify barriers to accurate and appropriate communication.

Interpret verbal and nonverbal communications and respond appropriately.

Demonstrate elements of written and electronic communication such as accurate spelling, grammar, and format.

Communicate information and ideas effectively to multiple audiences using a variety of media and formats.

Advocate and practice safe, legal, and responsible use of digital media information and communications technologies.

Career Planning and Management

Identify personal interests, aptitudes, information, and skills necessary for informed career decision making.

Evaluate personal character traits such as trust, respect, and responsibility and understand the impact they can have on career success.

Explore how information and communication technologies are used in career planning and decision making.

Research the scope of career opportunities available and the requirements for education, training, certification, and licensure.

Integrate changing employment trends, societal needs, and economic conditions into career planning.

Recognize the role and function of professional organizations, industry associations, and organized labor in a productive society.

Recognize the importance of small business in the California and global economies.

Understand how digital media are used by potential employers and postsecondary agencies to evaluate candidates.

Develop a career plan that reflects career interests, pathways, and postsecondary options.

Technology

Use electronic reference materials to gather information and produce products and services.

Employ Web-based communications responsibly and effectively to explore complex systems and issues.

Use information and communication technologies to synthesize, summarize, compare, and contrast information from multiple sources.

Discern the quality and value of information collected using digital technologies, and recognize bias and intent of the associated sources.

Research past, present, and projected technological advances as they impact a particular pathway.

Assess the value of various information and communication technologies to interact with constituent populations as part of a search of the current literature or in relation to the information task.

Problem Solving and Critical Thinking

Identify and ask significant questions that clarify various points of view to solve problems.

Solve predictable and unpredictable work-related problems using various types of reasoning (inductive, deductive) as appropriate.

Use systems thinking to analyze how various components interact with each other to produce outcomes in a complex work environment.

Interpret information and draw conclusions, based on the best analysis, to make informed decisions.

Health and Safety

Locate, and adhere to, Material Safety Data Sheet (MSDS) instructions.

Interpret policies, procedures, and regulations for the workplace environment, including employer and employee responsibilities.

Use health and safety practices for storing, cleaning, and maintaining tools, equipment, and supplies.

Practice personal safety when lifting, bending, or moving equipment and supplies.

Demonstrate how to prevent and respond to work-related accidents or injuries; this includes demonstrating an understanding of ergonomics.

Maintain a safe and healthful working environment.

Be informed of laws/acts pertaining to the Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA).

Responsibility and Flexibility

Recognize how financial management impacts the economy, workforce, and community.

Explain the importance of accountability and responsibility in fulfilling personal, community, and workplace roles.

Understand the need to adapt to changing and varied roles and responsibilities.

Practice time management and efficiency to fulfill responsibilities.

Apply high-quality techniques to product or presentation design and development.

Demonstrate knowledge and practice of responsible financial management.

Demonstrate the qualities and behaviors that constitute a positive and professional work demeanor, including appropriate attire for the profession.

Explore issues of global significance and document the impact on the Arts, Media, and Entertainment sector.

Ethics and Legal Responsibilities

Access, analyze, and implement quality assurance standards of practice.

Identify local, district, state, and federal regulatory agencies, entities, laws, and regulations related to the Arts, Media, and Entertainment industry sector.

Demonstrate ethical and legal practices consistent with Arts, Media, and Entertainment sector workplace standards.

Explain the importance of personal integrity, confidentiality, and ethical behavior in the workplace.

Analyze organizational culture and practices within the workplace environment.

Adhere to copyright and intellectual property laws and regulations, and use and appropriately cite proprietary information.

Conform to rules and regulations regarding sharing of confidential information, as determined by Arts, Media, and Entertainment sector laws and practices.

Leadership and Teamwork

Define leadership and identify the responsibilities, competencies, and behaviors of successful leaders.

Identify the characteristics of successful teams, including leadership, cooperation, collaboration, and effective decision-making skills as applied in groups, teams, and career technical student organization activities.

Understand the characteristics and benefits of teamwork, leadership, and citizenship in the school, community, and workplace setting.

Explain how professional associations and organizations and associated leadership development and competitive career development activities enhance academic preparation, promote career choices, and contribute to employment opportunities.

Understand that the modern world is an international community and requires an expanded global view.

Respect individual and cultural differences and recognize the importance of diversity in the workplace.

Participate in interactive teamwork to solve real Arts, Media, and Entertainment sector issues and problems.

Demonstrate ability to reorganize and integrate visual art elements across digital media and design applications.

View and respond to a variety of industry-related artistic products integrating industry appropriate vocabulary.

Identify and use the principles of design to discuss, analyze, and create projects and products across multiple industry applications.

Describe the use of the elements of art to express mood in digital or traditional art work found in the commercial environment.

Select industry-specific works and analyze the intent of the work and the appropriate use of media.

Research and analyze the work of an artist or designer and how the artist's distinctive style contributes to their industry production.

Compare and analyze art work done using electronic media with those done with materials traditionally used in the visual arts.

Analyze and discuss complex ideas, such as distortion, color theory, arbitrary color, scale, expressive content, and real versus virtual in works of art.

Compare how distortion is used in a variety of media to modify the message being communicated.

Analyze the material used by a given artist and describe how its use influences the meaning of the work.

Apply artistic skills and processes to solve a variety of industry-relevant problems in a variety of traditional and electronic media.

Demonstrate skill in the manipulation of digital imagery (either still or video) in an industry-relevant application.

Demonstrate personal style and advanced proficiency in communicating an idea, theme, or emotion in an industry-relevant artistic product.

Apply refined observation and drawing skills to solve an industry-relevant problem.

Use visual metaphors in creating an artistic product.

Compile a portfolio of multiple original two- and three-dimensional works of art that reflect technical skills in an industry-relevant application.

Create an artistic product that involves the effective use of the elements of art and the principles of design.

Create original works of art of increasing complexity and skill in a variety of media that reflect their feelings and points of view.

Plan and create artistic products that reflect complex ideas, such as distortion, color theory, arbitrary color, scale, expressive content, and real versus virtual.

Create a multimedia work of art that demonstrates knowledge of media and technology skills.

Analyze and assess the impact of history and culture on the development of professional arts and media products.

Identify and describe the role and influence of new technologies on contemporary arts industry.

Describe how the issues of time, place, and cultural influence and are reflected in a variety of artistic products.

Identify contemporary styles and discuss the diverse social, economic, and political developments reflected in art work in an industry setting.

Identify art in international industry and discuss ways in which the work reflects cultural perspective.

Analyze similarities and differences of purpose in art created in culturally diverse industry applications.

Investigate and discuss universal concepts expressed in visual media products from diverse cultures.

Analyze, assess, and identify effectiveness of artistic products based on elements of art, the principles of design, and professional industry standards.

Develop written consumer assessment rubrics for separate, industry-specific art products.

Deconstruct how beliefs, cultural traditions, and current social, economic, and political contexts influence commercial media (traditional and electronic).

Analyze the aesthetic value of a specific commercial work of art and defend that analysis from an industry perspective.

Analyze the relationship between the artist, artistic product and audience in both an existing and self-generated project.

Analyze and articulate how society influences the interpretation and effectiveness of an artistic product.

Create an artistic product for a specific industry and modify that product to accommodate a different aesthetic perspective.

Identify essential industry competencies, explore commercial applications and develop a career specific personal plan.

Compare and contrast the ways in which different artistic media (television, newspapers, magazines, and electronic media) cover the same commercial content.

Explore the role of art and design across various industry sectors and content areas.

Deconstruct works of art, identifying psychological content found in the symbols and images and their relationship to industry and society.

Predict how changes in technology might change the role and function of the visual arts in the workplace.

Create a commercial artistic product that communicates a cross-cultural or universal theme.

Prepare portfolios of original art created for a variety of purposes and commercial applications.

Synthesize traditional art work and new technologies to design an artistic product to be used by a specific industry.

Analyze characteristics of subgenres (e.g., satire, parody, allegory, pastoral) that are used in poetry, prose, plays, novels, short stories, essays, and other basic genres.

Evaluate the ways in which irony, tone, mood, the author's style, and the "sound" of language achieve specific rhetorical or aesthetic purposes or both.

Analyze the way in which authors through the centuries have used archetypes drawn from myth and tradition in literature, film, political speeches, and religious writings.

Debate the philosophical arguments presented in literary works to determine whether the authors' positions have contributed to the quality of each work and the credibility of the characters (philosophical approach).

Demonstrate an understanding of the elements of discourse (e.g., purpose, speaker, audience, form) when completing narrative, expository, persuasive, or descriptive writing assignments.

Use point of view, characterization, style (e.g., use of irony), and related elements for specific rhetorical and aesthetic purposes.

Use language in natural, fresh, and vivid ways to establish a specific tone.

Enhance meaning by employing rhetorical devices, including extended use of parallelism, repetition, analogy; incorporation of visual aids (e.g., graphs, tables, pictures); and the issuance of a call for action.

Integrate databases, graphics, and spreadsheets into electronically processed documents.

Revise text to highlight the individual voice, improve sentence variety and style, and enhance subtlety of meaning and tone in ways that are consistent with the purpose, audience, and genre.

Understand the key technical and technological requirements applicable to various segments of the Media and Design Arts Pathway.

Understand the component steps and skills required to design, edit, and produce a production for audio, video, electronic, or printed presentation.

Use technology to create a variety of audio, visual, written, and electronic products and presentations.

Know the features and uses of current and emerging technology related to computing (e.g., optical character recognition, sound processing, cable TV, cellular phones).

Analyze the way in which technical design (e.g., color theory, lighting, graphics, typography, posters, sound, costumes, makeup) contributes to an artistic product, performance, or presentation.

Differentiate writing processes, formats, and conventions used for various media.

Analyze and assess technical support options related to various media and design arts.

Evaluate how advanced and emerging technologies (e.g., virtual environment or voice recognition software) affect or improve media and design arts products or productions.

Explore and formulate responses to peer and professional work using the fundamental elements of Theater, Dance, and Music.

Demonstrate movement skills, process sensory information, and describe movement using the professional vocabulary of dance.

Apply highly developed physical coordination and control when performing complex loco motor and axial movement phrases from a variety of genres (e.g., refined body articulation, agility, balance, strength).

Apply a wide range of kinesthetic communication demonstrating clarity of intent and stylistic nuance.

Differentiate dance vocabulary to describe movement and dance in a professional setting.

Create and perform complicated works of dance at a level of professionalism (i.e., a high level of refinement).

Perform in multiple professional dance genres integrating an advanced level of technical skill and clear intent.

Deconstruct formal and informal (improvisational) performances of theater, dance, and music, both live and electronic, and evaluate using appropriate artistic vocabulary.

Read, listen to, deconstruct, and analyze peer and professional music using the elements and terminology of music.

Read a full instrument or vocal score with a direct industry connection (Film score, Philharmonic score, commercial underscore).

Describe how the elements of music are used.

Transcribe simple songs into melodic and rhythmic notation when presented.

Sight-read music accurately and expressively.

Analyze and describe significant musical events perceived and remembered in a given industry generated example.

Analyze and describe the use of musical elements in a given professional work that makes it unique, interesting, and expressive.

Demonstrate the different uses of form, both past and present, in a varied repertoire of music in commercial settings from diverse genres, styles, and professional applications.

Observe, deconstruct, and analyze peer and professional theater, film, video, and electronic media and respond using the vocabulary of theater.

Identify the use of metaphor, subtext, and symbolic elements in text and performance of professional theatrical work (live or recorded).

Research, analyze, and plan a theatrical performance (live or recorded) with the director, designer, or playwright.

Create a product which assesses professional theater, film, and video performance products using the vocabulary of theater, such as genre, style, acting values, theme, and design.

Apply choreographic principles, processes, and skills to create and communicate meaning through improvisation, composition, and performance of dance for a variety of professional applications.

Specify applications of VPA Creative Expression Standards for Dance at the proficient level.

Notate dances using a variety of systems (Labanotation, motif writing, and personal systems).

Apply basic music elements (rhythm, meter, tempo, timbre) to construct and perform dances for a variety of professional settings.

Create a dance that utilizes an established dance style or genre in response to an industry-specific prompt.

Perform works by various dance artists communicating the original intent of the work while employing personal artistic intent and interpretation.

Perform combinations, in response to audition requirements, in a variety of professional dance genres that demonstrate proficiency relative to industry expectations.

Create a diverse body of work in dance, which demonstrates originality, unity, clarity of intent, and a dynamic range of movement appropriate to a variety of professional applications.

Create a performance piece using dance structures, musical forms, theatrical elements, and technology for a specific professional application.

Perform original works that employ personal artistic intent and respond to industry-specific criteria.

Apply vocal and/or instrumental skill and knowledge to perform a varied repertoire of music appropriate to music industry application.

Sing or play a repertoire of musical literature representing various genres, styles, and cultures with expression and technical accuracy.

Sing or play music written in multiple parts, individually or with a group.

Sight read and perform a brief musical composition from a professional resource.

Employ a variety of music technology to record, integrate, or modify a live or recorded performance to produce a new artistic product.

Compose music in distinct styles.

Compose and arrange music for various combinations of voice and acoustic and digital/electronic instruments using appropriate ranges and traditional and nontraditional sound sources.

Create melodic and rhythmic improvisations in a style or genre within a musical culture (gamelan, jazz, and mariachi).

Apply skill and knowledge in acting, directing, design, and composition to create formal and informal (improvised) theater, film, video, and electronic media performances.

Demonstrate media appropriate acting choices using script analysis, character research, reflection, and revision in live and recorded performance applications.

Use acting choices, such as script analysis, character research, reflection, and revision; and apply to a variety of professional settings.

Create performance products applying basic dramatic structure: exposition, complication, conflict, crises, climax, and resolution.

Design, produce, or perform scenes applicable to a variety of professional settings and media applications.

Improvise or write dialogues and scenes applying basic dramatic structure (exposition, complication, crises, climax, and resolution) appropriate to a variety of industry settings.

Work collaboratively as designer, producer, or actor to meet directorial goals in scenes and plays from a variety of professional sources.

Analyze the historical and cultural perspective of multiple industry performance products from a discipline-specific perspective.

Identify and compare how film, theater, television, and electronic media productions influence values and behaviors.

Analyze the historical and cultural perspective of the dancer in the professional setting.

Analyze the historical and cultural perspective of the musician in the professional setting.

Analyze the historical and cultural perspective of the actor and performance artist in the professional setting.

Create a product comparing and contrasting universal themes and sociopolitical issues in a variety of music, dance, or theatrical products.

Deconstruct the aesthetic values that drive professional performance and the artistic elements necessary for industry production.

Critique discipline-specific professional works using the language and terminology specific to the discipline.

Use selected criteria to compare, contrast, and assess various professional performance forms.

Analyze the aesthetic principles that apply in a professional work designed for live performance, film, video, or live broadcast.

Use complex evaluation criteria and terminology to compare and contrast a variety of genres of professional performance products.

Explore the connection between artistic preparation and professional standards and practices.

Examine the training, education, and experience needed to pursue discipline-specific performance options.

Demonstrate effective knowledge and skills with the audiovisual equipment and technology used in professional performance.

Demonstrate entry-level competencies for a career in an artistic or technical field in the theatrical arts.

Understand the technical aspects of lights, sound, properties, costumes, and makeup from the perspective of the professional performer.

Contrast differing roles in professional skill sets of creators, performers, and others involved in the production and presentation of the performing arts.

Create a career plan leading to professional performance in one of the performance disciplines.

Demonstrate knowledge of industry safety standards and practices in all areas of technical production.

Demonstrate understanding of various power tools used in construction and rigging.

Demonstrate knowledge of basic electrical safety.

Demonstrate understanding of safe workplace practices, including tool safety, rigging, electrical, and construction safety and awareness of hazardous materials in the workplace.

Apply safety related decision making and problem-solving techniques to live, recorded, or multimedia generated production.

Understand the technical support functions and artistic competencies in film, video, and live production.

Analyze the production sequence involved in creating a media based or live performance production.

Produce a production flow chart for a live theatrical or media based production.

Plan one technical component of a production from design to performance.

Analyze and differentiate the function of the various members of a production team.

Identify the skills and competencies of the various members of a production team including producer, production manager, director, assistant director, stage manager, production designer(s), post production, etc.

Demonstrate key skills and an understanding of the complexities of production planning.

Know the main elements and functional responsibilities involved in the production and presentation of the performing, visual, and media arts.

Know how artistic processes, organizational structure, and business principles, including funding and budgeting, are interrelated in both live and media production.

Identify the responsibilities and activities associated with the preproduction, production, and post-production of a creative project.

Demonstrate understanding of the appropriate use of technology in each phase of the production planning.

Create a call sheet for equipment, crew, technical support, and cast requirements for an arts, media, and entertainment production.

Apply knowledge of services, equipment capabilities, the workflow process, data acquisition, and technology to a timely completion of projects.

Identify essential qualifications and technological competencies for each team member, including artists, designers, performers, composers, writers, and technicians.

Plan the general coordination of various elements in a project or production.

Understand the key elements of developing and promoting a production from creation to distribution.

Design a production flow chart identifying chain of responsibility for a specific type of arts, media, and entertainment production.

Create a budget for an aspect of an arts, media, and entertainment production of the arts, media, and entertainment industry.

Design a promotional packet demonstrating knowledge of promotional

Create a promotional example using electronic media.

Create a public service announcement using two or more production methods materials, such as standard public service announcements

Know various media production, communication, and dissemination techniques and methods, including written, oral, visual, and electronic media.

Identify and describe licensing management for live and media based productions and intellectual properties.

Identify successful business models and analyze various facets of those models, such as market analysis, marketing strategy, and product value.

Discuss the relationships between publishers, developers, distributors, marketers, and retailers.

Understand the role of audience and market research in promotional planning

Understand the components of marketing campaigns for live and media based productions, including advertising in both traditional and social media.

Demonstrate understanding of the distribution component of both live and media based production including Web, print, radio, television, and communication based options.

Demonstrate understanding of current trends and the historical significance of both electronic and non-electronic games. Students will analyze different game systems and identify how these systems have influenced consumer technology.

Research and analyze different game genres, including multiplayer games.

Define and use necessary vocabulary related to games, their genres, game platforms, and game hardware.

Research, compare, and categorize different game platforms and game hardware.

Analyze the technology transfer from video games to other industries, such as education, medical, corporate training, and military simulation.

Present a mock-up of a future generation game platform and hardware system based on research of current and emerging technologies and future predictions.

Students will build a game that demonstrates teamwork and project management by creating a game design production plan that describes the game play, outcomes, controls, rewards, interface, and artistic style of a video game.

Use design documents to create a game design production plan.

Solicit and accept constructive criticism.

Use computer tools to create game programming, art, and audio.

Create and use animated objects in a game.

Create sound and music to enhance the game experience.

Test and debug the completed game.

Apply listening, speaking, and collaborative communication skills to effectively convey information.

Demonstrate a professional level of written and oral communication as necessary in the game industry.

Analyze the core tasks and challenges of video game design and explore the methods used to create and sustain player immersion.

Identify and define the roles and responsibilities of each member of a video game design team.

Break down and identify the fundamental building blocks of game play: player goals, player actions, rewards, and challenges.

Research various input controls and display types then identify how these impact game play.

Research and define the term "player immersion."

Explore and explain the factors that create player immersion in a game.

Compare and contrast player-centric design and designer-centric design in video games.

Describe a designer-centric game to highlighting features other than game play and entertainment value.

Prototype a small game using real-world objects, such as dice, cards, balls, pen and paper, etc.

Acquire and apply appropriate game programming concepts and skills to develop a playable video game.

Implement common programming concepts, including logic operators, conditional statements, loops, variables, events, actions, and handling user input.

Understand the basics of game physics, including collision and motion.

Examine the use of math and physics (such as gravity and friction) in game development.

Explore the basics of random number generation.

Implement a small video game utilizing mathematics and physics that features at least one moving object (such as a spaceship) which rotates along an axis and moves in whichever direction it is facing after rotation. The game must include collision physics.

Students will demonstrate mastery of game art and multimedia, including music, sound, art, and animation.

Demonstrate understanding of the elements of art, including line, shape, color, value, texture, space, and balance, to set the mood and feel of a scene.

Create a storyboard for a game cut-scene applying the basic principles of design and concepts of cinematography.

Research and describe the different perspectives used in video games, including first person, second person, and third person perspectives.

Explain how to create the illusion of 3-D in a 2-D environment.

Create 2-D art and 3-D models.

Create an animation sequence.

Design a game environment using lines, fills, and color to set a specific mood and feel of a scene.

Create, record, and edit audio for a game.

Define and discuss intellectual property, copyrights, trademarks, and piracy as they relate to art and multimedia assets in a game.

Understand the basics of character design and development, world design, and level design.

Demonstrate an understanding of testing techniques used to evaluate, assess, rate, and review quality assurance of video games.

Test and analyze games to determine the quality of rules, interfaces, navigation, performance, and game play.

Identify the key elements in a game and make intelligent judgments about whether the game succeeded or failed in its objectives.

Compare and contrast the differences between functionality and usability of software.

Evaluate games in terms of accessibility issues.

Demonstrate technical reading and writing skills.

Test a classmate's game project and create a bug report for the game. For each error submitted, write steps in sufficient detail so it is identifiable and reproducible to the developer. Use a metric to identify how critical the error is based on its negative impact on game play.

Understand the general procedures, documentation, and requirements of large scale game design projects. Examine and categorize the significant processes in the production of games.

Identify processes of design and development from concept to production, including content creation, filling team roles, design documentation, communication, and scheduling for video game design teams.

Discuss the iterative nature of game and simulation design.

Develop design plans, character sketches, documentation, and storyboards for proposed games.

Enumerate individual tasks of a project using basic time management skills to complete each task and track its completion.

Describe the importance and interrelationship between development schedule and budget constraints in a video game design project.

Compare and contrast common uses of different game development tools.

Create a set of original design documents and build a small game.

Understand the fundamentals of business and marketing, including entrepreneurship, global marketing, and localization.

Identify, define, and discuss the different ways games are funded, distributed, marketed, and sold.

Create a plan for a game to target a specific audience within three different countries while adhering to their governments' rating systems.

Identify and describe licensing management for different game platforms, tools, and intellectual properties.

Identify successful business models and analyze various facets of those models, such as market analysis, marketing strategy, and product value.

Understand the components of marketing campaigns for games, including advertising in traditional and social media.

Understand the role community management plays in marketing and business models.

Discuss the relationships between publishers, developers, distributors, marketers, and retailers.

Evaluate game journalism and professional reviews in terms of bias.

Explore and describe the effects of globalization on the design and production of video games.

Evaluate how video games adhere to government rating systems.

Understand the impact of games and the role of play in human culture. Analyze the ethics and global impact of the game industry.

Discuss the word "play" and its many definitions.

Investigate and discuss how play can help humans acquire knowledge and social skills.

Describe the benefits of games and simulations, including online economies and community building.

Compare and contrast the different opinions on the effects of games on behavior, cognitive development, and motor skills.

Describe how frequent exposure and/or access to video games has reshaped the level of technical proficiency of our workforce.

Explore and discuss the impact of video games on the economy.

Design a game you believe will have positive impact on the world.

Identify career goals and develop a career plan that explores employment opportunities in the video game industry.

Demonstrate personal and interpersonal skills appropriate for the workplace, such as responsibility, dependability, punctuality, positive attitude, initiative, respect for self and others, and professional dress.

Investigate how the skills acquired in game design/development can be applied to other industries.

Use personal assessment tools to identify personal and professional strengths and weaknesses.

Analyze job and career requirements as related to career interests and opportunities in the game industry.

Investigate the common employment contracts in the game industry, such as Nondisclosure Agreements, "Work for Hire" agreements, and "Noncompete" clauses.

Create a resume and use it during a mock interview. At the end of the interview process, apply negotiation skills as they relate to salary and benefits packages.

Residential and Commercial Construction Pathway

Mechanical Systems Installation and Repair Pathway

Engineering and Heavy Construction Pathway

Cabinetry, Millwork, and Woodworking Pathway

Pathway Standards

Knowledge and Performance

Academics

Technical Knowledge and Skills

Interpret and explain terminology and practices specific to the Building and Construction Trades sector.

Comply with the rules, regulations, and expectations of all aspects of the Building and Construction Trades sector.

Construct projects and products specific to the Building and Construction Trades sector requirements and expectations.

Collaborate with industry experts for specific technical knowledge and skills.

Demonstrate the basic care, proper maintenance, and use of hand, portable, and stationary tools related to the Building and Construction trades.

Demonstration and Application

Utilize work-based/workplace learning experiences to demonstrate and expand upon knowledge and skills gained during classroom instruction and laboratory practices specific to the Building and Construction Trades sector program of study.

Demonstrate proficiency in a career technical pathway that leads to certification, licensure, and/or continued learning at the postsecondary level.

Demonstrate entrepreneurship skills and knowledge of self-employment options and innovative ventures.

Employ entrepreneurial practices and behaviors appropriate to Building and Construction Trades sector opportunities.

Create a portfolio, or similar collection of work, that offers evidence through assessment and evaluation of skills and knowledge competency as contained in the anchor standards, pathway standards, and performance indicators.

Communication

Recognize the elements of communication using a sender–receiver model.

Identify barriers to accurate and appropriate communication.

Interpret verbal and nonverbal communications and respond appropriately.

Demonstrate elements of written and electronic communication such as accurate spelling, grammar, and format.

Communicate information and ideas effectively to multiple audiences using a variety of media and formats.

Advocate and practice safe, legal, and responsible use of digital media information and communications technologies.

Career Planning and Management

Identify personal interests, aptitudes, information, and skills necessary for informed career decision making.

Evaluate personal character traits such as trust, respect, and responsibility and understand the impact they can have on career success.

Explore how information and communication technologies are used in career planning and decision making.

Research the scope of career opportunities available and the requirements for education, training, certification, and licensure.

Integrate changing employment trends, societal needs, and economic conditions into career planning.

Recognize the role and function of professional organizations, industry associations, and organized labor in a productive society.

Recognize the importance of small business in the California and global economies.

Understand how digital media are used by potential employers and postsecondary agencies to evaluate candidates.

Develop a career plan that reflects career interests, pathways, and postsecondary options.

Technology

Use electronic reference materials to gather information and produce products and services.

Employ Web-based communications responsibly and effectively to explore complex systems and issues.

Use information and communication technologies to synthesize, summarize, compare, and contrast information from multiple sources.

Discern the quality and value of information collected using digital technologies, and recognize bias and intent of the associated sources.

Research past, present, and projected technological advances as they impact a particular pathway.

Assess the value of various information and communication technologies to interact with constituent populations as part of a search of the current literature or in relation to the information task.

Problem Solving and Critical Thinking

Identify and ask significant questions that clarify various points of view to solve problems.

Solve predictable and unpredictable work-related problems using various types of reasoning (inductive, deductive) as appropriate.

Use systems thinking to analyze how various components interact with each other to produce outcomes in a complex work environment.

Interpret information and draw conclusions, based on the best analysis, to make informed decisions.

Health and Safety

Interpret policies, procedures, and regulations for the workplace environment, including employer and employee responsibilities.

Maintain proper use of safety apparel at all times, including but not limited to, eye protection, hearing protection, skin protection, head protection, footwear and protection from airborne particulate matter.

Comply with the safe handling, storage and disposal of chemicals, materials and adhesives in accordance with local, state, and federal safety and environmental regulations (OSHA, Environmental Protection Agency [EPA], Hazard Communication [HazCom], Material Safety Data Sheets [MSDS], etc.).

Demonstrate the proper care and safe use of hand, portable and stationary power tools.

Use health and safety practices for storing, cleaning, and maintaining tools, equipment, and supplies.

Set up a work area, or shop, to avoid potential health concerns and safety hazards, including but not limited to electrical (shock), wires (tripping), fumes (lung health), noise (hearing loss), fire (burns), and so forth, incorporating ergonomics.

Practice personal safety when lifting, bending, or moving equipment and supplies.

Demonstrate how to prevent and respond to work-related accidents or injuries; this includes demonstrating an understanding of ergonomics.

Maintain a safe and healthful working environment.

Be informed of laws/acts pertaining to the Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA).

Report hazards found on the job site to supervisor/teacher.

Locate, and adhere to, Material Safety Data Sheet (MSDS) instructions.

Responsibility and Flexibility

Recognize how financial management impacts the economy, workforce, and community.

Explain the importance of accountability and responsibility in fulfilling personal, community, and workplace roles.

Understand the need to adapt to changing and varied roles and responsibilities.

Practice time management and efficiency to fulfill responsibilities.

Apply high-quality techniques to product or presentation design and development.

Demonstrate knowledge and practice of responsible financial management.

Demonstrate the qualities and behaviors that constitute a positive and professional work demeanor, including appropriate attire for the profession.

Explore issues of global significance and document the impact on the Building and Construction Trades sector.

Ethics and Legal Responsibilities

Access, analyze, and implement quality assurance standards of practice.

Identify local, district, state, and federal regulatory agencies, entities, laws, and regulations related to the Building and Construction Trades industry sector.

Demonstrate ethical and legal practices consistent with Building and Construction Trades sector workplace standards.

Explain the importance of personal integrity, confidentiality, and ethical behavior in the workplace.

Analyze organizational culture and practices within the workplace environment.

Adhere to copyright and intellectual property laws and regulations, and use and appropriately cite proprietary information.

Conform to rules and regulations regarding sharing of confidential information, as determined by Building and Construction Trades sector laws and practices.

Leadership and Teamwork

Define leadership and identify the responsibilities, competencies, and behaviors of successful leaders.

Identify the characteristics of successful teams, including leadership, cooperation, collaboration, and effective decision-making skills as applied in groups, teams, and career technical student organization activities.

Understand the characteristics and benefits of teamwork, leadership, and citizenship in the school, community, and workplace setting.

Explain how professional associations and organizations and associated leadership development and competitive career development activities enhance academic preparation, promote career choices, and contribute to employment opportunities.

Understand that the modern world is an international community and requires an expanded global view.

Respect individual and cultural differences and recognize the importance of diversity in the workplace.

Participate in interactive teamwork to solve real Building and Construction Trades sector issues and problems.

Demonstrate competence in planning, design, layout, and technical drawing interpretation for practical use in cabinetmaking and millworking.

Identify common sizes in relation to furniture and cabinets.

Describe the relationship between the function and form of a cabinet.

Calculate board, square, and linear feet.

Estimate material costs.

Apply design elements: shapes, textures, lines, and colors to create functional and attractive cabinets, furniture, and millwork.

Apply principles of design, harmony, repetitions, balance, and proportion to create functional and attractive cabinets, furniture, and millwork.

Read and interpret technical drawings

Sketch a project using manual drawing techniques.

Use drafting tools to create a pictorial and working drawing for a basic cabinet.

Demonstrate proper techniques for cabinet installation.

Transport a project from one location to another without damage.

Lay out a cabinet installation according to a floor plan.

Create and adjust a layout to plumb, square, and level.

Install a base and upper cabinet.

Scribe a cabinet to fit a corner or against an irregular wall surface.

Identify the advantages and disadvantages for various countertop materials.

Identify a variety of materials used for kitchen and bath countertops and list their advantages and disadvantages.

Describe the methods for attaching different countertops to a cabinet.

Install of a variety of countertop materials using appropriate fastening methods.

Use a cut-in template for the installation of sink, faucets, cooktop, and other fixtures.

Differentiate between the various furniture and cabinet styles used in the cabinet and furniture industry.

Identify various cabinet styles and list characteristics of traditional, provincial, and contemporary designs.

Identify various kitchen, bath, and utility cabinet components.

Explain the progress of cabinetry and furniture styles from the seventeenth century to today.

Interpret and apply information to develop a bill of materials, estimate the cost of materials, and develop a plan of procedures to complete a project.

List the sequence of cutting procedures, assembly, and finishing steps.

Evaluate an existing bill of materials for accuracy.

Determine the cost of materials needed for a cabinet or furniture project.

Optimize available materials from a cutting diagram.

Compare and contrast the cost of a specific project using different materials.

Develop a materials list, cut list, and cost estimate from a working drawing for a specific cabinet project.

Demonstrate proper selection and use of woodworking tools.

Demonstrate the accurate use of common measuring and layout tools.

Select the proper layout tools for specific tasks.

Select the proper cutting tools for specific operations (e.g., straight cuts, curves, drilling holes).

Select the most appropriate blade for a given operation.

Select the proper boring tools for specific operations.

Select the proper hand-shaping tools for specific operations.

Select proper clamping tools for specific operations.

Identify wood products and materials used in the furniture and cabinetmaking industry and describe their characteristics and uses.

Define the difference between a hardwood and softwood.

Identify the proper adhesive required for applying laminate.

Identify standard sizes and grades of various veneers.

Identify the proper adhesive(s) required for applying veneers.

Identify the different types of pattern matching in veneers.

Identify several different species of hardwood and their characteristics that are common to the cabinetmaking and millwork industry.

Identify several different species of softwood and their characteristics that are common to the cabinetmaking and millwork industry.

Identify common defects found in wood and list possible solutions.

Identify and be able to differentiate panel products and their uses in the cabinetmaking industry.

Describe the cutting and handling techniques used for sheet goods.

Compare and contrast the advantages and disadvantages of sheet goods versus solid wood stock.

Identify standard sizes and grades of various laminates.

Describe how the expansion and contraction of solid wood affects the design of joinery used in furniture and cabinet construction.

Compare and contrast the advantages and disadvantages of using laminates verses using veneers.

Demonstrate a working knowledge of joinery, fasteners, and adhesives.

Demonstrate the proper use and application of adhesives.

Demonstrate the proper cleanup procedures for specific adhesives.

Select the correct type of wood joint used for a specific application and material.

Demonstrate the ability to construct a variety of wood joints (i.e. butt, miter, compound miter, half lap, mortise and tenon).

Define the purposes for metallic fasteners in furniture and cabinetmaking.

Select the proper metallic fasteners for specific applications.

Demonstrate the proper use of metallic fasteners for specific applications.

Compare and contrast joints commonly used in the cabinetmaking and millworking industries (i.e., strength, appearance, and ease of construction).

Determine the appropriate application of a variety of joinery techniques, including dowels, biscuits, pocket holes, and mortise and tenon

Identify characteristics of adhesives that affect the assembly time, cure time, and strength of the product.

Select the proper adhesive(s) to construct wood joints used in furniture or cabinets.

Demonstrate initial assembly and dry clamping procedures.

Demonstrate competence in various construction processes in the cabinetmaking, furniture making, and millworking industries.

Square and surface a board to a specific size.

Demonstrate the use of a mass production technique (i.e., parts duplication and assembly processes).

Lay out, install, and adjust the appropriate drawer hardware to include drawer slides and pulls.

Lay out, install, and adjust the appropriate door hardware to include European and standard hinges.

Apply a plastic laminate to a surface using appropriate adhesive and trim to fit.

Use the appropriate adhesives and fasteners to install different types of trim, moldings, or other edge treatments.

Demonstrate common case construction.

Demonstrate common frame and panel construction.

Construct a case with a face frame using appropriate construction techniques.

Construct a frameless case using appropriate construction techniques.

Construct a cabinet drawer using appropriate construction techniques.

Construct a cabinet door using appropriate construction techniques.

Demonstrate the use of a jig, template, or fixture in a production project.

Use appropriate methods and tools to check the accuracy of a project.

Utilize appropriate abrasives to prepare a project for a specific finish.

Select the proper abrasive for shaping and smoothing materials.

Select the proper grit sizes and sequences for shaping and smoothing operations.

Demonstrate proper selection, application, and cleaning methods for various types of filler materials.

Properly prepare a surface for finishing.

Understand finishes and when to apply paint, stains, sealers, varnishes, and catalyzed finishes, including water- and oil-based finishes.

Demonstrate proper selection and application methods of different types of stains for a specific application.

Demonstrate cleaning procedure for various types of stains.

Select the proper type of sealer and finish coat for a specific application.

Demonstrate proper application methods for different types of sealers and finish coats.

Demonstrate cleaning procedures for various types of sealer and finish coats.

Apply a suitable finish to a specific cabinet or millwork project.

Understand soil characteristics and properties.

Understand the importance of knowing a site's water table and its effect on site preparation.

Understand the importance for collecting and testing soil samples.

Read and interpret a soils report.

Demonstrate the proper procedures to collect, prepare, and test soil samples.

Understand the importance and impact of environmental concerns and regulations in relation to building site preparation.

Describe various geologic structures and land forms and determine the best approach for preparing a site for construction.

Match types of stakes to their correct usage and explain markings on grade stakes and benchmark (BM) stakes.

Recognize the variety of building phases, systems, and techniques used in engineering and heavy construction.

Understand the development of building plans and schedules using processes common to engineering and heavy construction.

Know the appropriate processes and materials in architectural design, project development, and engineering and heavy construction (e.g., structural, electrical, mechanical, and finish phases).

Understand the impact of financial, technical, and environmental trends on the past and future of the construction industry.

Understand significant historical trends in engineering and heavy construction technology.

Understand environmental regulations that influence engineering and heavy construction projects.

Demonstrate understanding of California Environmental Quality Act (CEQA) and Environmental Impact Reports (EIRs) as they apply to heavy construction, including highway and bridge projects.

Identify local and state building codes as appropriate to heavy construction, especially as it relates to highway and bridge projects.

Demonstrate the use of survey and mapping equipment.

Apply conventional engineering and heavy construction measurement processes accurately (e.g., laser transits, laser levels, geographic information system [GIS] instruments) for surveying and plan development.

Use conventional engineering and heavy construction mathematical functions to calculate on-site preparation and site development and improvement materials.

Identify and apply appropriate grade calculations from site plans.

Demonstrate the ability to use survey equipment.

Perform a level survey.

Conduct a boundary survey and maintain proper field notes.

Read and analyze a topographic contour map.

Generate topographic contours from field notes.

Demonstrate a basic understanding of grading and drainage.

Define selected terms associated with plan reading, grade setting, and drainage.

Distinguish soil types and land cover as related to runoff, precipitation, drainage, and seepage.

Recognize non-point-source (NPS) pollution, erosion, and erosion control methods.

List sources of NPS and their possible impact related to water quality.

Prepare site plan and grading and drainage plan.

Demonstrate understanding of water and wastewater systems.

Explain and diagram the water cycle.

Describe drinking-water sources, contaminants, disposal options, regulations, and basic treatment methods.

Perform basic calculations for sizing pipe and pumps for the movement of water

Define gravity and forced systems.

Identify common types of heavy equipment and describe their unique features and uses.

Describe the basic hitch configurations and their proper connections.

Demonstrate good lifting practices and proper rigging.

Describe the basic load-handling safety practices.

Demonstrate proper use of American National Standards Institute (ANSI) hand signals.

Describe basic safety precautions taken into consideration while operating heavy equipment.

Identify the common operating controls found on various pieces of heavy equipment.

Identify and describe the use of slings and common rigging hardware.

Perform basic prestart inspection, startup, operational movement, and shutdown for heavy equipment under the guidance of an instructor.

Identify and explain the different types of construction cranes.

Describe crane operations and safety.

Demonstrate the operation of heavy equipment.

Operate a tractor mower.

Operate a forklift.

Operate a tractor with a box blade.

Operate a backhoe.

Operate a grader.

Operate a dump truck.

Demonstrate basic concrete maintenance and repair methods.

Identify and use appropriate concrete tools.

Construct forms for pouring concrete.

Understand the use and need for reinforcing concrete.

Mix concrete.

Place concrete.

Finish concrete.

Understand project management procedures and processes as they occur in an engineering and heavy construction project.

Understand the roles in heavy construction of design engineers, estimators, superintendents, project managers, foremen, operators/drivers, administrators, and inspectors.

Demonstrate understanding of contract administration (e.g., invoicing vendors, subcontractors), including the "draw and voucher" accounting/record system used in construction project management.

Estimate the cost of supplies and materials for an engineering and heavy construction project.

Plan all construction phases, including subcontractor schedules, clearing, rough grading, wet and dry utilities, fine grading, concrete, asphalt, inspections, and job closeout.

Understand the layout of utilities in regards to underground electrical, sewer, water, phone, cable, etc.

Demonstrate understanding of storm drainage, retention ponds, wastewater treatment, etc.

Understand the importance of hydroelectric, solar, wind, and alternative energy resources in the development of California infrastructure.

Construct projects accurately from commercial specifications and technical drawings ensuring compliance with state and local building codes.

Solve common construction problems (e.g., grading, drainage) by using commercial construction codes, building standards, and appropriate mathematical calculations.

Describe the value and necessity of practicing occupational safety in the engineering and heavy construction laboratory or shop.

Know the rules and responsibilities of the various governmental safety agencies and their impact on engineering and heavy construction.

Understand the importance of safety and safe work practices (e.g., fire safety, protective clothing) in the welding phases of engineering and heavy construction and the safe operation of heavy equipment (e.g., earth movers, graders, bulldozers).

Demonstrate the safe use of scaffolding and ladders.

Demonstrate the importance of work site safety as it pertains to hazardous waste disposal and procedures for containment of toxic and hazardous materials.

Demonstrate an understanding of the methods and devices used to improve air quality and comfort.

Explain the historical development and principals of air-conditioning and refrigeration.

Identify various HVAC professional organizations, associations, and societies, and explain their purposes.

Describe the differences between air-conditioning and refrigeration.

Explain the impact of heating, air-conditioning, and refrigeration on society.

Explain the differences in comfort applications (cooling/heating air) and process applications (improving air quality).

Describe the benefits of conditioned air and environments.

Explain the methods and devices used to improve air quality.

List several situations in which the improvement of air quality is essential.

Debate current issues and concerns, such as indoor air quality, the ozone layer, and computer technology, in the heating, air-conditioning, and refrigeration industry and in the environment and explain their future ramifications.

Describe the purpose and importance of local, state, and federal heating, air conditioning, and refrigeration codes and standards.

Demonstrate a practical knowledge of combustion heating systems.

Explain combustion theory.

Identify and explain the various types, operations, and functions of various types of gas valves and regulators.

Determine the suitable application, and analyze the proper functioning, of gas valves and regulators.

Demonstrate the installation, maintenance, testing, and repair of a gas operated heating system.

Create a wiring schematic for a gas furnace.

Sketch the proper gas flow for a gas furnace.

Analyze, troubleshoot, and correct problems in a combustion-type heating system.

Demonstrate practical knowledge of systems designed to improve air quality.

Explain the scientific principles of psychrometrics.

Define relative, specific, and absolute humidity.

Distinguish between dew point, dry bulb, and wet bulb temperature.

Summarize concerns related to indoor air quality.

Compare and contrast the benefits of air-filtration, air-handling, and ventilation systems.

Create, analyze, and maintain a system designed to improve air quality.

Describe the basic components and concepts of heating, air-conditioning, and refrigeration.

Demonstrate a working knowledge of the four major components of a refrigeration system.

Identify and explain the characteristics of vapor compression refrigeration.

Explain the advantages and disadvantages of the different refrigerants used in a vapor compression system.

Distinguish between split systems and package systems.

Demonstrate an understanding of the scientific theories and physical properties of heat and matter.

Describe and explain freezing point, critical temperature, and absolute zero.

Describe matter and heat and their relation to heat transfer.

Compare and contrast the characteristics of heat, humidity, and temperature.

Distinguish between, and explain the characteristics of, the three different states of matter.

Define the differences between latent heat and sensible heat.

Analyze the effects and reactions of fluids, pressures, and temperatures on refrigerants.

Summarize the refrigeration cycle.

Define and explain "fluid," "pressure," and "temperature."

Utilize pressure and temperature charts.

Demonstrate ways to measure and calculate absolute and gauge pressures according to industry standards.

Identify and explain the classifications, uses, and properties of different refrigerants.

Explain how fluids react and flow in a closed system versus an open system.

Identify and classify the color-coding of refrigerant cylinders.

Practice proper methods of storing, transferring, and recovering refrigerants.

Summarize the effects of contaminants or using an improper refrigerant in a system.

Demonstrate skills necessary to fabricate and service the tubing, piping, and fittings utilized in accordance with accepted industry standards.

Understand the basic codes in the Uniform Plumbing Codes (UPC).

Select materials and fittings for use in piping a system.

Demonstrate techniques for cutting, deburring, and bending tubing.

Connect tubing utilizing proper fittings and connection methods.

Demonstrate the ability to identify and select the appropriate materials for the soldering and brazing of tubing.

Explain the purposes and procedures for protecting piping materials and fittings from effects of heat.

Demonstrate the ability to braze and/or solder tubing, including aluminum.

Silver-braze bras, steels, and copper.

Fabricate and leak test the piping, tubing, and connections of a heating, air-conditioning, and/or refrigeration unit.

Demonstrate the skills necessary to service, maintain, and repair heating, air-conditioning, and refrigeration system components and accessories.

Explain the types, operation, use, and maintenance requirements of different compressors (e.g., reciprocating, rotary, screw, and scroll).

Analyze, troubleshoot, and correct mechanical problems in a heating, air-conditioning, and refrigeration system.

Evaluate system performance.

Analyze the operating condition of a compressor.

Explain the types, operation, use, and maintenance requirements of condensers and evaporators.

Explain the types, operation, use, and maintenance requirements of different metering devices.

Evaluate the performance of a metering device.

Explain the methods of compression, lubrication, and compressor loading and unloading.

Analyze and evaluate the proper operating condition of a compressor.

Locate and explain the uses of refrigerant flow accessories.

Locate and explain the uses of system accessories (e.g., receivers, solenoids, valves, heat exchangers, filters, and separators).

Demonstrate a practical knowledge of basic electricity and skills necessary to service and maintain the electrical components of heating, air-conditioning, and refrigeration equipment.

Explain the principles and properties of electricity.

Compare and contrast single-phase versus three-phase electrical distribution.

Define and distinguish amps, ohms, volts, and watts.

Demonstrate the ways to measure watts, voltage, amperage, and resistance using appropriate instruments while adhering to industry standards.

Illustrate and summarize a wiring schematic diagram for a heating or cooling system.

Analyze and troubleshoot the protection devices, such as fuses and breakers, in an electrical system.

Interpret charts and tables from the National Electrical Codes (NEC).

Troubleshoot electrical control systems, motors, and their components.

Identify and explain the operations of electrical control systems and their components.

Assess an electric motor for proper function and repair as necessary.

Install and troubleshoot electrical control systems.

Describe the operation and function of different types of electromechanical thermostats.

Analyze operational problems with different types of electromechanical thermostats.

Describe the electrical and mechanical operations of a basic heat pump.

Demonstrate the ability to wire a basic heating, air-conditioning, and/or refrigeration system.

Identify and explain the functions of various types of motors and their individual components.

Describe the differences between single-phase and three-phase motors.

Analyze and test motors using a variety of different methods.

Demonstrate a practical knowledge of solid-state electronics.

Explain the basic principles and functions of Direct Digital Control (DDC).

Describe basic solid-state circuits and boards.

Identify, analyze, and replace solid-state circuit boards.

Explain the major functions of a building-management system.

Install and program a programmable thermostat.

Recognize the impact of financial, technical, environmental, and labor trends on the past and future of the construction industry.

Understand significant historical trends in the construction industry.

Understand the environmental regulations that influence residential and commercial design.

Demonstrate knowledge of the California Environmental Quality Act (CEQA) and Environmental Impact Review (EIRs) impacts on residential and commercial construction.

Demonstrate skills necessary to complete a plumbing system in a single-family residence in accordance with accepted industry standards.

Demonstrate techniques for cutting, deburring, and joining metallic and nonmetallic water piping.

Connect the water supply to faucets and water closets.

Connect fixture tailpieces to fixtures and to traps.

Check for the proper functioning of fixtures.

Lay out and install hot and cold water piping to fixture locations as indicated on the construction documents.

Perform pressure test of an installed piping system.

Install fastened in-place fixture valves and shut-off valves as indicated on construction drawings.

Install and secure proper drainage piping to fixture locations.

Determine the proper slope for DWV piping using hand levels, laser levels, and transits.

Install traps and vents as indicated by construction drawings, specifications, and government codes.

Install angle stops at water supply stub outs.

Install plumbing fixtures.

Demonstrate skills necessary to complete an electrical system in a single-family residence in accordance with accepted industry standards.

Determine whether or not an electrical circuit is "live."

Terminate electrical connections to receptacles, switches, lighting fixtures, large appliances, and other devices.

Select receptacles and switches based on load requirements.

Terminate equipment grounding and neutral conductor at the electrical service.

Terminate communication and control wiring.

Prepare rough framing for the installation of electrical cables and conduit.

Lay out components to the tolerances indicated on the construction drawings, specifications, and government codes.

Install typical devices, junction boxes, and panels.

Install lighting and ceiling fan support boxes according to the National Electrical Code (NEC).

Install conduit typical of residential construction and pull conductors through conduit as required by the NEC.

Splice and tap conductors for the installation of fixtures and devices.

Install low voltage control and communication cables.

Demonstrate grounding techniques for all electrical boxes, cabinets, and enclosures.

Apply the appropriate mathematical calculations used in the construction trades.

Apply formulas to determine area, volume, lineal, board, and square feet.

Apply the Pythagorean Theorem to calculate pipe offsets, roof slope, and check for square.

Estimate the materials needed to complete a specific task.

Determine the total developed length of the water supply piping system.

Calculate the residual pressure at the highest outlet per the requirements of the Plumbing Code.

Calculate the total fixture unit demand from the fixtures indicated on the construction drawings using the tables of the plumbing code.

Calculate the proper slope for drain, waste and vent (DWV) piping.

Apply Ohm's Law to calculate resistance, current flow, and voltage in series, parallel, and combination circuits.

Calculate the load on an electrical system from general lighting and small and large appliances.

Interpret and apply information from technical drawings, schedules, and specifications used in the construction trades.

Identify the elements used in technical drawings, including types of lines, symbols, details, and views.

Identify and interpret the elements of technical drawings, including plan, elevation, section, and detail views.

Interpret technical drawings specifications.

Identify plumbing, electrical, and mechanical symbols and other abbreviations used in construction drawings.

Interpret and scale dimensions from a set of plans using an architect's scale.

Interpret sectional and detail drawings to determine construction details such as corners, rough openings, stairs, and roof systems.

Understand the sequencing and phases of residential and commercial construction projects.

Demonstrate techniques for proper site preparation.

Use leveling devices to check for elevation, level, and plumb.

Demonstrate how to establish grades using survey instruments.

Install batter boards.

Check site layout for square using the diagonal method.

Describe excavation and backfill methods.

Identify different methods and equipment used for compaction.

Identify types of backfill materials and how they are used.

Demonstrate foundation layout techniques to include setting forms, placing reinforcements, and placing concrete according to construction drawings, specifications, and building codes.

Describe the sequencing procedures for placing large and small slabs.

Use appropriate tools and techniques for placing, compacting, screeding, and finishing consolidating concrete in slabs and footings.

Demonstrate how to establish elevations for concrete structures.

Lay out location and elevation of concrete/masonry structures based on construction drawings.

Develop a material take-off in accordance with construction drawings and specifications.

Lay out location for reinforcements, expansion joints, openings, and embedded items based on construction drawings, specifications, and building codes.

Construct, place, and brace forms for concrete as detailed in construction drawings for footings, slab, and raised floors.

Place and secure reinforcement as detailed by construction drawings, building codes, and industry standards.

Place secure embedded hardware as detailed on construction drawings.

Demonstrate proper removal and care of concrete forms.

Demonstrate carpentry techniques for the construction of a single-family residence.

Properly place a moisture barrier and pest control guard on a foundation.

Lay out, cut, and install ceiling joists and common and jack rafters.

Frame and erect shed and gable roof systems.

Lay out and install trusses "on-center" with specified hardware.

Install appropriate blocking, bracing, lookouts, fascia, and drip edge.

Frame for roof penetrations and attic access.

Apply roof sheathing and install appropriate flashings.

Understand different roofing materials and methods of application.

Attach a sill plate at top of concrete foundation.

Lay out, cut, and install joist supports, rim joists, and floor joists as specified on construction plans.

Install a subfloor.

Demonstrate wall and plate layout, including rough openings.

Measure, cut, and assemble wall components using appropriate tools and fasteners.

Demonstrate the ability to square wall systems and install wall bracing and shear panels according to code.

Stand, square, plumb, and brace walls.

Describe the applications and uses of metal stud framing.

Demonstrate proper installation techniques of interior finish materials and protective finishes.

Identify types and uses of wall finishing materials.

Cut, fit, and install gypsum wallboard onto a framed wall using appropriate fasteners.

Describe the finishes and textures for gypsum wallboard.

Properly prepare walls to receive protective finishes.

Apply finishes according to specifications and industry standards.

Identify types and application of finish flooring materials.

Install pre-hung interior doors.

Install interior trim and case work.

Demonstrate the application of exterior finish materials and protective finishes in building construction.

Describe the installation procedures and techniques of masonry siding materials.

Describe mold-prevention techniques.

Install wood, vinyl, and/or manufactured siding.

Demonstrate preparation techniques for applying exterior paint and stain.

Apply exterior paint and stain according to specifications.

Describe various types and uses of doors and windows used in building construction.

Install pre-hung windows and doors using appropriate flashing and trim.

Caulk and seal joints to prevent air and moisture infiltration and increase energy efficiency.

Install vents for efficient attic and crawl space ventilation.

Install various types of floor, wall, and ceiling thermal insulation.

Understand, integrate, and employ sustainable construction practices in the building trades.

Identify design and energy solutions for improving building energy efficiency.

Identify materials used in building construction to increase energy efficiency and sustainability.

Calculate energy requirements and loads for buildings and structures.

Demonstrate the application of constructing materials intended to improve building efficiency and sustainability.

Analyze and evaluate buildings for energy efficiency and performance.

Develop solutions to improve building energy performance and efficiency.

International Business

Financial Services

Business Management

Pathway Standards

Knowledge and Performance

Academics

Technical Knowledge and Skills

Interpret and explain terminology and practices specific to the Business and Finance sector.

Apply the economic principles and concepts fundamental to business operations.

Recognize the importance of marketing in a global economy.

Develop a system for keeping and using financial records and a personal financial plan to manage cash flow and maintain creditworthiness.

Comply with the rules, regulations, and expectations of all aspects of the Business and Finance sector.

Construct projects and products specific to the Business and Finance sector requirements and expectations.

Collaborate with industry experts for specific technical knowledge and skills.

Interpret financial data, analyze results, and make sensible business decisions to promote a financially reliable business.

Evaluate the variety, nature, and diversity of investment vehicles and the elements that contribute to financial growth and success.

Adapt the distribution concepts and processes needed to move, store, locate, and transfer ownership of goods or services.

Integrate the techniques and strategies used to foster positive, ongoing relationships with customers, suppliers, investors, and community.

Evaluate the impact of local, state, federal, and/or international regulations on business and financial management decisions.

Demonstration and Application

Utilize work-based/workplace learning experiences to demonstrate and expand upon knowledge and skills gained during classroom instruction and laboratory practices specific to the Business and Finance sector program of study.

Demonstrate proficiency in a career technical pathway that leads to certification, licensure, and/or continued learning at the postsecondary level.

Demonstrate entrepreneurship skills and knowledge of self-employment options and innovative ventures.

Employ entrepreneurial practices and behaviors appropriate to Business and Finance sector opportunities.

Create a portfolio, or similar collection of work, that offers evidence through assessment and evaluation of skills and knowledge competency as contained in the anchor standards, pathway standards, and performance indicators.

Communications

Recognize the elements of communication using a sender–receiver model.

Identify barriers to accurate and appropriate communication.

Interpret verbal and nonverbal communications and respond appropriately.

Demonstrate elements of written and electronic communication such as accurate spelling, grammar, and format.

Communicate information and ideas effectively to multiple audiences using a variety of media and formats.

Advocate and practice safe, legal, and responsible use of digital media information and communications technologies.

Career Planning and Management

Identify personal interests, aptitudes, information, and skills necessary for informed career decision making.

Evaluate personal character traits such as trust, respect, and responsibility and understand the impact they can have on career success.

Explore how information and communication technologies are used in career planning and decision making.

Research the scope of career opportunities available and the requirements for education, training, certification, and licensure.

Integrate changing employment trends, societal needs, and economic conditions into career planning.

Recognize the role and function of professional organizations, industry associations, and organized labor in a productive society.

Recognize the importance and impact small businesses have on our state, nation and world economies.

Understand how digital media are used by potential employers and postsecondary agencies to evaluate candidates.

Develop a career plan that reflects career interests, pathways, and postsecondary options.

Technology

Use electronic reference materials to gather information and produce products and services.

Employ Web-based communications responsibly and effectively to explore complex systems and issues.

Use information and communication technologies to synthesize, summarize, compare, and contrast information from multiple sources.

Discern the quality and value of information collected using digital technologies, and recognize bias and intent of the associated sources.

Research past, present, and projected technological advances as they impact a particular pathway.

Assess the value of various information and communication technologies to interact with constituent populations as part of a search of the current literature or in relation to the information task.

Problem Solving and Critical Thinking

Identify and ask significant questions that clarify various points of view to solve problems.

Solve predictable and unpredictable work-related problems using various types of reasoning (inductive, deductive) as appropriate.

Use systems thinking to analyze how various components interact with each other to produce outcomes in a complex work environment.

Interpret information and draw conclusions, based on the best analysis, to make informed decisions.

Health and Safety

Locate, and adhere to, Material Safety Data Sheet (MSDS) instructions.

Interpret policies, procedures, and regulations for the workplace environment, including employer and employee responsibilities.

Use health and safety practices for storing, cleaning, and maintaining tools, equipment, and supplies.

Practice personal safety when lifting, bending, or moving equipment and supplies.

Demonstrate how to prevent and respond to work-related accidents or injuries; this includes demonstrating an understanding of ergonomics.

Maintain a safe and healthful working environment.

Be informed of laws/acts pertaining to the Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA).

Responsibility and Flexibility

Recognize how financial management impacts the economy, workforce, and community.

Explain the importance of accountability and responsibility in fulfilling personal, community, and workplace roles.

Understand the need to adapt to changing and varied roles and responsibilities.

Practice time management and efficiency to fulfill responsibilities.

Apply high-quality techniques to product or presentation design and development.

Demonstrate knowledge and practice of responsible financial management.

Demonstrate the qualities and behaviors that constitute a positive and professional work demeanor, including appropriate attire for the profession.

Explore issues of global significance and document the impact on the Business and Finance sector.

Ethics and Legal Responsibilities

Access, analyze, and implement quality assurance standards of practice.

Identify local, district, state, and federal regulatory agencies, entities, laws, and regulations related to the Business and Finance industry sector

Demonstrate ethical and legal practices consistent with Business and Finance sector workplace standards.

Explain the importance of personal integrity, confidentiality, and ethical behavior in the workplace.

Analyze organizational culture and practices within the workplace environment.

Adhere to copyright and intellectual property laws and regulations, and use and appropriately cite proprietary information.

Conform to rules and regulations regarding sharing of confidential information, as determined by Business and Finance sector laws and practices.

Work with peers to promote divergent and creative perspectives, effective leadership, group dynamics, team and individual decision making, benefits of workforce diversity, and conflict resolution as practiced in the Future Business Leaders of America (FBLA) career technical student organization.

Define leadership and identify the responsibilities, competencies, and behaviors of successful leaders.

Identify the characteristics of successful teams, including leadership, cooperation, collaboration, and effective decision-making skills as applied in groups, teams, and career technical student organization activities.

Understand the characteristics and benefits of teamwork, leadership, and citizenship in the school, community, and workplace setting.

Explain how professional associations and organizations and associated leadership development and competitive career development activities enhance academic preparation, promote career choices, and contribute to employment opportunities.

Understand that the modern world is an international community and requires an expanded global view.

Respect individual and cultural differences and recognize the importance of diversity in the workplace.

Participate in interactive teamwork to solve real Business and Finance sector issues and problems.

Explain entrepreneurship and the fundamentals of developing a new business.

Recognize personal traits and leadership styles of entrepreneurs and business leaders.

Analyze management theories and their application within the business environment.

Develop personal management skills to function effectively, efficiently, and collaboratively in a business environment.

Determine the type of business organization most appropriate for various business profiles.

Construct and defend a business plan (components may include an executive summary, organizational structure, market analysis, Strengths Weaknesses Opportunities and Threats (SWOT) analysis, marketing plan, operating procedures, financial data, and feasibility and supporting documentation).

Plan, organize, secure, and manage resources of a project to achieve specific goals.

Determine Specific, Measurable, Achievable, Realistic and Time-bound (SMART) goals for a specific project.

Develop a project schedule, including the constraints of cost, time, and scope, to illustrate project structure using Gantt, Program Evaluation Review Technique (PERT), or other project planning tools.

Optimize allocation of resources necessary to achieve predefined objectives.

Evaluate beneficial change, or added value, of a specific project.

Investigate the functions and techniques of management and organizational structure and distinguish between small and large companies.

Explain the organizational structure of various business environments.

Describe management's role in demonstrating leadership, motivating employees, resolving conflict, addressing stress, and recognizing formal and informal employee groups.

Recognize a business' responsibility to employees, shareholders, society, and the environment.

Summarize techniques for managing human resources to maximize operational efficiencies and effectiveness.

Describe the role of organized labor and its influence on government and businesses.

Apply operations management principles and procedures to the design of an operations plan.

Apply economic concepts as they relate to business.

Identify factors of production needed to create wealth.

Explain the role of business in a free-enterprise system.

Recognize the determinants of supply and demand and their impact on pricing.

Calculate productivity with various levels of input.

Illustrate the business cycle elaborating on leading, coinciding, and lagging economic indicators.

Show the relationship between economic conditions and financial markets, including exchange rates.

Analyze financial data in order to make short-term and long-term decisions.

Describe factors that affect the value of an asset, inflation, interest rates, risk, and return.

Determine investment and finance options available at different stages of a business or product life cycle.

Compare and interpret financial reports for internal and external use to analyze risk and return to make business decisions.

Analyze how credit reports quantify credit worthiness.

Assess how types of financial markets influence interest rates, inflation, balance of trade, and unemployment and the impact on business decisions.

Create and use budgets to guide financial decision making.

Explain the importance of risk management and regulatory compliance in business.

Identify, assess, and prioritize risks.

Describe the concept and process of risk management, including the use of risk management tools such as insurance.

Compare and contrast the various types of taxes in terms of the business structure.

Utilize information and technology tools to conduct business effectively and efficiently.

Describe appropriate computer hardware used in business.

Apply appropriate software used in business.

Examine technological trends and analyze the impact of technological innovations on the marketing and distribution of goods and services.

Integrate appropriate use of the Internet in business.

Investigate data security systems for business.

Construct a Marketing Plan.

Describe effective marketing techniques.

Explore how products and services are conceived, developed, maintained, and improved in response to market opportunities.

Conduct market analysis and assess the business organization's position within their industry.

Interpret how market research is used to develop strategies for marketing.

Differentiate the components of a promotional plan (e.g., advertising, public relations, and sales promotion) and describe how the plan is used to achieve a stated outcome.

Practice selling techniques used to aid customers and clients in making buying decisions.

Apply principles of supply chain management and SCM 2.0 to a business model.

Describe Logistics Management systems.

Illustrate the management of the complete flow of materials and activities in the supply chain from suppliers to customers.

Summarize materials management, including effective inventory management practices, E= Procurement, and continuous control practices.

Change variables in a master plan for resources, analyze its effect, and recommend corrective actions.

Create a master plan for resources that addresses market demand, sales, and operations planning.

Create and use budgets to guide financial decision making.

Identify various forms of income and analyze factors that affect income as part of the career decision making process.

Evaluate the opportunity costs of savings and investment options to meet short and long term goals.

Apply a decision making model to maximize consumer satisfaction when buying consumer goods and service.

Analyze factors that affect the choice, cost, and legal aspects of using credit.

Develop and defend a spending/savings plan.

Develop tax planning strategies for financial planning.

Devise a plan to protect against identity theft.

Explain how the application of Generally Accepted Accounting Principles (GAAP) impacts the recording of transactions and the preparation of financial statements.

Describe the two methods of accounting (cash and accrual) and the different accounting concepts (financial, tax, cost, nonprofit and auditing) used to report a business' financial position as it pertains to sole proprietorships, corporations, and partnerships.

Complete the steps in the accounting cycle in order to prepare financial statements and communicate how accounting procedures affect financial statements.

Use planning and control principles to evaluate the performance of an organization.

Discuss state and federal regulation of the accounting industry.

Discuss International Financial Reporting Standards (IFRS) and the convergence between IFRS and GAAP.

Develop a working knowledge of individual income tax procedures and compliance with tax laws and regulations.

Interpret financial formulas commonly found in financial institutions to aid in the growth and stability of financial services.

Identify key ratios and banking calculations such as interest and annual percentage rate.

Identify strategies and systems in real-world situations to maintain, monitor, control, and plan the use of financial resources.

Use equations, graphical representations, and other accounting tools to classify, record, and summarize financial data.

Identify strategies financial institutions utilize to make decisions about profitability, such as savings and lending ratios.

Interpret financial data, analyze results, and make sound business decisions to promote a financially healthy business.

Apply differential analysis and present value concepts to make decisions.

Interpret financial ratios and other metrics, such as cash flow and breakeven analysis, concentration risk, return on investment, leveraged debt, market share, and opportunity costs.

Analyze an annual report and financial statement to predict profitability.

Develop a working knowledge of individual income tax procedures and requirements to comply with tax laws and regulations.

Evaluate the impact of federal, state, and local regulations on financial management decisions.

Explain the role of the Federal Reserve System, Internal Revenue Service (IRS), and Consumer Protection Laws.

Describe provisions of bankruptcy law.

Compare state and federal regulatory compliance of financial institutions and related services.

Calculate the impact of various taxes on financial decisions.

Apply economic concepts as they relate to financial services.

Define capital and explain how it is used to create wealth.

Identify causes of stock price fluctuations and the relationship between bond prices and yields.

Illustrate the business cycle elaborating on leading, coinciding, and lagging economic indicators.

Assess the ways in which financial markets influence interest rates, inflation, balance of trade, and unemployment and the impact on business decisions.

Explain the role of investment banking in the primary marketplace.

Explain the concepts, role, and importance of international finance and risk management.

Compare the variety of ways in which funds are transferred in foreign trade.

Analyze factors that affect currency and exchange rates.

Formulate an insurance and risk management plan.

Explain the importance of actuarial science in the insurance industry.

Compare and contrast risk management methods of avoidance, reduction, assumption, and shifting.

Analyze choices available to consumers for protection against risk and financial loss.

Identify main operations and evaluate services provided by financial institutions.

Evaluate the variety, nature, and diversity of investment vehicles and the elements that contribute to financial growth and success.

Explain the time value of money.

Describe the functions, responsibilities, and ethical considerations of a financial institution.

Recognize the categories and characteristics of major investment vehicles, such as stocks, bonds, real estate, mutual funds, venture capital, retirement investment plans, and education savings plans.

Describe reasons why investors buy and sell and the methods they use.

Describe factors that affect the value of an asset, including industry trends, price to earnings ratio, cash flow, growth rate, timing, inflation, interest rate, opportunity cost, risk, and required return.

Consult federal resources and independent rating companies for reports and research on investment vehicles and providers.

Select sources to finance venture creation/start-up.

Describe the role of the Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) and the Financial Industry Regulation Authority (FINRA) and explain regulation of the industry, including legal and ethical considerations in all aspects of financial services.

Evaluate financial services providers and explore the duties and activities of financial service careers.

Identify electronic banking technologies.

Identify licensure requirements for various professionals in the financial services industry.

Demonstrate characteristics of professionalism in working relationships with customers and employees.

Demonstrate techniques for managing human resources to maximize operational efficiencies and effectiveness.

Discuss legal and ethical considerations in providing financial advice, buying or selling securities, insurance or real estate, and borrowing or lending money.

Examine the environments in which securities and investments services are offered, including securities sales agents, securities and investment firms, and securities markets.

Determine client needs and wants and develop and present a written investment recommendation to the client using standard writing conventions.

Scrutinize lending and borrowing practices.

Describe the fundamental concepts of international business.

Identify forms of business ownership and entrepreneurial opportunities available in international business.

Conduct market research for a product or service traded internationally.

Illustrate the process of buying, selling, and promoting products in a modern global trade.

Analyze how domestic and international competition in a market economy affects goods and services produced and the quality, quantity, and price of those products.

Construct and defend a business plan for a product or service traded internationally.

Describe the interrelatedness of geographic, social, cultural, political, and legal factors and how they shape the global business environment.

Interpret the effect of culture, customs, and politics on trade.

Illustrate how geographic conditions affect trade.

Apply communications strategies necessary and appropriate for effective and profitable international businesses relations.

Analyze special challenges in human resources and strategic management in international business.

Apply economic concepts as they relate to international business.

Describe the laws of absolute and comparative advantage.

Explain the importance of productivity and analyze how specialization, division of labor, investment in physical and human capital, and technological change affect productivity and global trade.

Examine the role of trade, trade agreements, protectionism, and monetary markets in the global economy.

Relate the balance of trade concepts to the import/export process.

Examine the ways in which a country's natural, financial, and human resources influence international business.

Analyze the role of government in economic systems.

Describe common financing sources and the payment methods used for international business transactions.

Explain the concepts, role, and importance of international finance and risk management.

Analyze factors that affect currency and exchange rates.

Compare the variety of ways in which funds are transferred in foreign trade.

Assess the ways in which financial markets influence interest rates, inflation, balance of trade, and unemployment and the impact on business decisions.

Produce documentation for international trade, including letters of credit, import/export documents, permits, taxes, and duties.

Recognize the role of information and communications technology in modern global trade.

Identify hardware and software commonly used in international business operations.

Integrate appropriate use of the Internet in business.

Analyze security measures used to protect businesses and consumers engaging in international e-commerce.

Analyze international markets and competition.

Apply marketing concepts to international business situations.

Differentiate between the types of market structures and their effect on the price and the quality of goods and services produced.

Research measures used to evaluate the economic conditions of a country.

Identify factors that determine balance of trade and research balance of trade for a developed nation, a developing nation, and an undeveloped nation.

Develop strategies to adapt and respond to meeting the differences in culture, market, habits, experience, and laws.

Assess the risks associated with various methods of entering the global marketplace.

Calculate the effects of exchange rate fluctuation.

Determine pricing for products and services traded internationally.

Set inventory levels based upon location of customers, durability of products, and logistics.

Analyze choices available to international businesses for protection against risk and financial loss.

Determine exposure of doing business internationally and develop a recommendation for entering the international market.

Reconstruct the logistics of importing and exporting products and services.

Explain how private, nonprofit, and government agencies assist in global trade.

Determine the effect of imports and exports on production and manufacturing.

Distinguish between direct and indirect distribution channels.

Compare how products are prepared for international versus domestic distribution.

Contrast the four forms of international operations: working through a foreign intermediary, licensing agreement with the foreign business, forming a strategic alliance, or becoming a multinational corporation.

Analyze special challenges in operations and strategic management in international business.

Apply appropriate technical skills and academic knowledge.

Demonstrate creativity and innovation.

Employ valid and reliable research strategies.

Understand the environmental, social, and economic impacts of decisions.

Communicate clearly, effectively, and with reason.

Develop an education and career plan aligned with personal goals.

Apply technology to enhance productivity.

Utilize critical thinking to make sense of problems and persevere in solving them.

Practice personal health and understand financial literacy.

Act as a responsible citizen in the workplace and the community.

Model integrity, ethical leadership, and effective management.

Work productively in teams while integrating cultural and global competence.

Pathway Standards

Knowledge and Performance

Academics

Technical Knowledge and Skills

Describe the process of making consumer decisions, including the comparison of goods and services.

Interpret and explain terminology and practices specific to the Education, Child Development, and Family Services sector.

Practice how to manage financial resources to achieve personal and family goals.

Compare consumer resources, rights, and responsibilities and their relationship to the various levels of the economy.

Recognize the function of the family as a basic unit of society and the contributions of the family unit to the development of individuals.

Analyze the factors that affect the development of individuals and how to build positive relationships.

Describe the adjustments needed to adapt to major life changes throughout the human life cycle.

Apply strategies and resources for managing conflicts and crises.

Summarize the importance of wellness and safety to individual and family health and well-being.

Demonstrate an understanding of how to prevent and control infection and disease to produce the optimum health of individuals and families.

Explain the strategies that enable persons to manage and balance personal, family, and work responsibilities to enhance productivity and attain a quality of life.

Assess the individual, family, and workplace factors that influence decisions at each stage of the human life cycle.

Comply with the rules, regulations, and expectations of all aspects of the Education, Child Development, and Family Services sector.

Demonstrate an understanding of how knowledge, skills, attitudes, and behaviors learned in consumer and family studies can be transferred to advanced training and education or to careers related to the Education, Child Development, and Family Services sector.

Construct projects and products specific to the Education, Child Development, and Family Services sector requirements and expectations.

Collaborate with industry experts for specific technical knowledge and skills.

Summarize the decisions and responsibilities involved in parenting in various cultures.

Describe and identify the stages of pregnancy, from conception through birth, and the implications of environment and heredity on the health and well-being of a child.

Explain the importance of studying child growth and development from infancy through adolescence.

Explain positive guidance and discipline techniques that promote feelings of self-worth as they apply to the developmental stages of children.

Demonstrate an understanding of the value and methods of providing infants, children, and adolescents with play and developmentally appropriate learning activities.

Demonstration and Application

Utilize work-based/workplace learning experiences to demonstrate and expand upon knowledge and skills gained during classroom instruction and laboratory practices specific to the Education, Child Development, and Family Services sector program of study.

Demonstrate proficiency in a career technical pathway that leads to certification, licensure, and/or continued learning at the postsecondary level.

Demonstrate entrepreneurship skills and knowledge of self-employment options and innovative ventures.

Employ entrepreneurial practices and behaviors appropriate to Education, Child Development, and Family Services sector opportunities.

Create a portfolio, or similar collection of work, that offers evidence through assessment and evaluation of skills and knowledge competency as contained in the anchor standards, pathway standards, and performance indicators.

Communications

Recognize the elements of communication using a sender–receiver model.

Identify barriers to accurate and appropriate communication.

Interpret verbal and nonverbal communications and respond appropriately.

Demonstrate elements of written and electronic communication, such as accurate spelling, grammar, and format.

Communicate information and ideas effectively to multiple audiences using a variety of media and formats.

Advocate and practice safe, legal, and responsible use of digital media information and communications technologies.

Career Planning and Management

Identify personal interests, aptitudes, information, and skills necessary for informed career decision making.

Evaluate personal character traits, such as trust, respect, and responsibility, and understand the impact they can have on career success.

Explore how information and communication technologies are used in career planning and decision making.

Research the scope of career opportunities available and the requirements for education, training, certification, and licensure.

Integrate changing employment trends, societal needs, and economic conditions into career planning.

Recognize the role and function of professional organizations, industry associations, and organized labor in a productive society.

Recognize the importance of small business in the California and global economies.

Understand how digital media are used by potential employers and postsecondary agencies to evaluate candidates.

Develop a career plan that reflects career interests, pathways, and postsecondary options.

Technology

Use electronic reference materials to gather information and produce products and services.

Employ Web-based communications responsibly and effectively to explore complex systems and issues.

Use information and communication technologies to synthesize, summarize, compare, and contrast information from multiple sources.

Discern the quality and value of information collected using digital technologies, and recognize bias and intent of the associated sources.

Research past, present, and projected technological advances as they impact a particular pathway.

Assess the value of various information and communication technologies to interact with constituent populations as part of a search of the current literature or in relation to the information task.

Problem Solving and Critical Thinking

Identify and ask significant questions that clarify various points of view to solve problems.

Solve predictable and unpredictable work-related problems using various types of reasoning (inductive, deductive) as appropriate.

Use systems thinking to analyze how various components interact with each other to produce outcomes in a complex work environment.

Interpret information and draw conclusions, based on the best analysis, to make informed decisions.

Health and Safety

Locate, and adhere to, Material Safety Data Sheet (MSDS) instructions.

Interpret policies, procedures, and regulations for the workplace environment, including employer and employee responsibilities.

Use health and safety practices for storing, cleaning, and maintaining tools, equipment, and supplies.

Practice personal safety when lifting, bending, or moving equipment and supplies.

Demonstrate how to prevent and respond to work-related accidents or injuries; this includes demonstrating an understanding of ergonomics.

Maintain a safe and healthful working environment.

Be informed of laws/acts pertaining to the Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA).

Responsibility and Flexibility

Recognize how financial management impacts the economy, workforce, and community.

Explain the importance of accountability and responsibility in fulfilling personal, community, and workplace roles.

Understand the need to adapt to changing and varied roles and responsibilities.

Practice time management and efficiency to fulfill responsibilities.

Apply high-quality techniques to product or presentation design and development.

Demonstrate knowledge and practice of responsible financial management.

Demonstrate the qualities and behaviors that constitute a positive and professional work demeanor, including appropriate attire for the profession.

Explore issues of global significance and document the impact on the Education, Child Development, and Family Services sector.

Ethics and Legal Responsibilities

Access, analyze, and implement quality assurance standards of practice.

Identify local, district, state, and federal regulatory agencies, entities, laws, and regulations related to the Education, Child Development, and Family Services industry sector.

Demonstrate ethical and legal practices consistent with Education, Child Development, and Family Services sector workplace standards.

Explain the importance of personal integrity, confidentiality, and ethical behavior in the workplace.

Analyze organizational culture and practices within the workplace environment.

Adhere to copyright and intellectual property laws and regulations, and use and appropriately cite proprietary information.

Conform to rules and regulations regarding sharing of confidential information, as determined by Education, Child Development, and Family Services sector laws and practices.

Leadership and Teamwork

Define leadership and identify the responsibilities, competencies, and behaviors of successful leaders.

Identify the characteristics of successful teams, including leadership, cooperation, collaboration, and effective decision-making skills, as applied in groups, teams, and career technical student organization activities.

Understand the characteristics and benefits of teamwork, leadership, and citizenship in the school, community, and workplace setting.

Explain how professional associations and organizations (such as FHA-HERO) and associated leadership development and competitive career development activities enhance academic preparation, promote career choices, and contribute to employment opportunities.

Understand that the modern world is an international community and requires an expanded global view.

Respect individual and cultural differences and recognize the importance of diversity in the workplace.

Participate in interactive teamwork to solve real Education, Child Development, and Family Services sector issues and problems.

Child Development

Recognize the essential aspects of the early childhood education, child care, and development industry and the industry's role in state and local economies.

Describe the organizational structures in early childhood education, child care, and development facilities.

Explain the effect of the child care and development industry on state and local economies.

Understand the interdependence of various career roles and how those roles contribute to the success of the child care and development program or work site.

Research the functions and roles of the various careers in the child care and development industry.

Identify the components of professionalism and how to practice professional behaviors.

Analyze the legislative, economic, educational, and social trends that affect the child care and development industry.

Communicate and interact effectively with families and communities.

Name the benefits of establishing strong relationships with families and communities.

Interpret how positive family–staff relationships, family members, and the community contribute to the physical, intellectual, social, and emotional development of the child.

Compare and contrast how language, culture, and educational backgrounds may affect family structures and communication within and among families and communities.

Devise ways to use opportunities throughout the daily routine to build trusting relationships and effective communication with families and others.

Advocate for high-quality programs and services for children and families.

Identify teaching materials and resources that enhance classroom instruction and indoor and outdoor learning in early childhood education, child care, and development programs.

Select and develop age-appropriate and developmentally appropriate teaching materials and resources.

Use the appropriate and current instructional technology and equipment to develop program materials and support learning.

Evaluate the various types and sources of quality, age-appropriate, and developmentally appropriate materials and equipment.

Illustrate how to support the learning process in an assisting role.

Define the strategies for supervising and maintaining a supportive learning environment for infants, toddlers, and children.

Understand the established standards and the standard operating procedures in classrooms, libraries, halls, and bathrooms and on the school grounds.

Classify the typical learning challenges that students encounter in curricular areas.

Implement planned activities to facilitate multidisciplinary learning and reinforce concepts.

Differentiate how to provide instructional assistance to small and large learning groups.

Identify and compile samples used for assessing a child and developing a portfolio.

Identify and apply operational procedures and organizational policies at various early childhood education, child care, and development facilities.

Identify the operational procedures at various types of facilities and their importance to the success of the organization.

Understand the operational policies and procedures related to early education, child care, and development program components (e.g., adult–child and adult–guardian interaction, physical environment, health, safety, nutrition, curriculum, and assessment).

Explain the importance of, and procedures for, keeping child and classroom records and documentation.

Summarize appropriate business systems that help with billing, ordering, budgeting, collecting fees, and reporting requirements.

Illustrate the workforce management strategies that are effective for planning, making decisions, sharing responsibility, and negotiating.

Summarize child care and development standards, licensing, regulations, and codes, including California Code of Regulations Title 5 and Title 22.

Recognize the standards and licensing regulations for child care facilities.

Identify the educational and industry-related requirements for child care facilities staff.

Understand how local, state, and federal laws and regulations for child care facilities are enforced by regulatory agencies.

Adhere to the health, safety, regulatory, and procedural requirements for the work site.

Summarize the employer and employee responsibilities for complying with laws and regulations affecting the needs, interests, and rights of young children.

Detect the indicators of child abuse or neglect and the responsibilities of staff as mandated reporters.

Apply critical safety, emergency, and disaster procedures at the work site.

Understand the state and federal environmental and safety regulations and the use of Material Safety Data Sheets (MSDS) as they relate to the child care and development industry.

Implement the staff procedures, duties, and responsibilities related to safety, emergency, and disaster preparedness plans.

Demonstrate how and when to use certified first aid, cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR), and other emergency procedures.

Predict the typical hazards at the work site and know procedures and practices that contribute to a safe and healthy environment.

Explain important elements of a child's physical, intellectual, emotional, and social growth and development.

List the biological and environmental factors that influence the development of infants, toddlers, and children.

Describe the developmental stages of infants, toddlers, and children.

Summarize the ways in which diversity, family, and culture influence the development of children.

Understand the importance of including infants, toddlers, and children with special needs.

Analyze the importance of observational assessment and how to link assessment findings to individualized child planning.

Evaluate the importance of learning environments, experiences, and interactions and their connections to each stage of physical, intellectual, social, and emotional development.

Defend the benefits of parental involvement to the development of a child's physical, intellectual, emotional, and social growth and development.

Employ the principles of positive interactions, guidance, and discipline in the workplace.

Describe how to help children develop a positive self-image and self-esteem and develop self-discipline and respect for oneself and others.

Use the importance of building positive relationships between the caregiver, children, and families to provide effective guidance and discipline.

Diagram the elements of positive guidance and discipline techniques that are based on the stages of children's development.

Identify practical strategies for finding positive solutions to common behavioral problems.

Plan and demonstrate how the staff can adjust the environment to promote a child's independence and personal and social competence.

Compare and apply the essential components of an effective learning environment for the early childhood classroom.

Describe the components of an effective learning environment that reflects children's interests and developmental needs.

Identify the early childhood education classroom learning areas and the contribution of each to the development of children.

Classify multiple ways of promoting children's learning at different developmental stages and ages by using the continuum of teaching behaviors from directive to nondirective.

Demonstrate appropriate teaching techniques and interaction styles for working with children of varying ages, learning styles, and cultural backgrounds.

Illustrate the ways in which classroom environments promote productive interaction among children and adults to create a positive atmosphere and sense of community.

Research and present the major learning theories and curriculum models and evaluate their application in early childhood education programs.

Select and apply developmentally appropriate practices for curriculum development.

Develop components of a developmentally appropriate curriculum in each area of the balanced daily routine: indoor/outdoor, quiet/active, individual and small group/large group, large muscle/small muscle, and child-initiated and staff-initiated activities.

Observe children and document the observations in a factual and anecdotal format tying observations to developmental milestones.

Integrate language acquisition strategies and support for English-language learners.

Plan and conduct activities that reinforce foundation skills, reflect an integrated and emergent curriculum, and support school readiness.

Practice the principles and practices of good nutrition, health, and safety for infants and children.

List the procedures used to clean a facility that follow a logical sequence and universal health precautions.

Practice the procedures for preventing the spread of infections and illnesses, including those for food-borne pathogens.

Use the appropriate sanitation and hygiene techniques for infants, toddlers, children, and staff.

Communicate the proper procedures to follow when preparing and serving nutritional snacks and meals, including those that foster independent eating practices and promote good nutrition and hygiene habits.

Recognize, describe, and report signs and symptoms of illness, injury, discomfort, or special needs in infants, toddlers, and children.

Consumer Services Pathway

Describe important aspects of the consumer services industry and the role of the industry in local, state, national, and global economies.

Identify the ways in which national and international policies and procedures affect the daily operations of a consumer services organization.

Summarize the legislative, economic, educational, and social trends that affect careers in the consumer services industry.

Explain the effect of this industry on businesses and the state's economy.

Identify the ways in which industries, companies, and agencies provide consumer information and services.

Communicate the role of consumer affairs personnel in an organization.

Research the basic procedures required to research, test, label, and demonstrate products to provide information needed by employees, consumers, and clients.

Identify the trends that affect customer demand for products and services, including green products, to promote environmental friendliness and sustainability.

Describe the purpose and significance of market research before a new product or service is developed and introduced.

Describe the standard testing procedures and strategies used to analyze data and integrate findings to revise products.

Explain the industry standards and government regulations that require specific information to be included on labels and care instructions.

Compare features, benefits, prices, product information, styles, and performance of goods.

Plan, produce, and evaluate demonstrations that educate consumers and promote a variety of products.

Practice personal financial management, its effects on the economy, and career, personal, and family goals.

Describe the effects of short-term and long-term financial plans on consumer decisions.

Define and identify credit terminology, credit ratings and sources, costs of credit, and risks and benefits of credit.

Identify ways to resolve credit issues and explain the effect of credit issues on the consumer and the economy.

Illustrate the costs of bankruptcy to the individual, the consumer, the institution, and the economy.

Analyze budgets for a variety of individuals and families in accord with estimated income, needs, desires, goals, and lifestyles.

Analyze, describe, and contrast various types of investments and risk assessment programs.

Explore the effect of the U.S. economic system on personal income, financial management, individual and family security, and consumer decisions.

Describe the interrelationship between the economy and consumer spending and saving.

Explain inflation and recession and how they affect the financial status of individuals and families.

Compare the services provided by various financial institutions and departments of government.

Review Truth in Lending legislation and California's Rosenthal Act related to consumers and their rights.

Understand the principles of effective workforce and organizational management, including the roles and responsibilities of management and employees.

Explain the outcomes of effective leadership and management, such as profitability, solvency, productivity, consumer and client satisfaction, and business growth.

Demonstrate the main workforce management strategies, such as shared responsibilities and negotiation, collaboration/consensus building, and communication.

Summarize the interrelationship and interdependence and diversity of management and employees as they relate to workforce productivity.

Use organizational procedures and tools, such as business plans, budgets/financials, spreadsheets for payroll and inventories, recordkeeping, and communication with consumers.

Demonstrate the operational procedures and safety practices that are commonly used in the consumer services industry.

Define the correct technical terms to describe products, procedures, and equipment specific to the consumer services industry.

Demonstrate the procedures for preparing, expediting, and tracking forms needed for requisitioning supplies and materials.

Analyze the purpose of, and information in, Material Safety Data Sheets (MSDS).

Understand essential consumer protection laws and regulations.

Recall and chart the evolution of consumer protection legislation.

Describe the role of local, state, and national public and private agencies in consumer and business protection.

Identify the effects of environmental laws and safety regulations on consumers.

Explain the legal implications of a contract and interpret the consequences of consumer actions related to various types of contracts.

Illustrate essential consumer protection laws and regulations commonly used in the consumer services industry.

Summarize consumer rights and responsibilities in the consumer services industry.

Identify effective strategies and laws that consumers can use when exercising their rights and useful methods for resolving complaints.

Demonstrate how individuals can have an effect on the legislative process as it relates to consumer regulations.

Illustrate the various advertising techniques with respect to consumer rights, marketing, technology, and point of sale methods.

Analyze the effect of consumer protection laws on the cost and quality of goods and services.

Diagram the effects of identity theft on diverse individuals, businesses, and local economies.

Communicate the significance of national and international influences, current events, and diversity within the consumer services industry.

Identify the national and international issues that affect consumers.

Analyze the influence of different global industries, economies, regulations, and political and economic systems on the consumer services industry.

Predict how aspects of diversity, such as culture, age, socioeconomic, gender, language, and abilities, affect consumer services.

Compare and contrast customer relationships and their impact on businesses and employees in the consumer services industry.

Identify the factors that contribute to quality customer relationships.

Demonstrate the methods used to establish trust between a client and a customer service employee.

Explain how the customer's point of view and suggestions affect management policies and decisions.

Assess customer needs or desires and recommend products and services.

Discern logical, legal, ethical, and expedient solutions to consumer concerns by empowering employees to resolve consumer issues at the lowest level.

Illustrate how the Internet and new technology, including social media, improve communication and facilitate business operations, as well as can harm or improve a business reputation.

Use the skills and techniques needed to prepare advertising, public relations, and informational materials for consumers.

Identify the local, state, national, and international agencies, organizations, and media resources that provide current consumer information, including Internet and social media.

List the tools and techniques used for communicating with consumers, including those used for advertising.

Demonstrate how to prepare and deliver materials and presentations that consumers will understand, such as videos, visual presentations, media kits, public service announcements, and fact sheets.

Develop communications, timelines, agendas, schedules, meeting arrangements, and advertising media for public relations activities.

Analyze public relations plans in terms of their effect on customer relations and the operations of an organization.

Summarize important consumer programs and services provided by energy, environmental, and resource management businesses.

Identify the various sources of energy available to consumers and the strategies that improve energy efficiency.

Explain the environmental impact of residential and commercial waste disposal and recycling issues.

Compare the costs and benefits of consumer programs for consumers, communities, and businesses.

Education

Describe the structure of the education industry and its role in local, state, and global economies.

Identify the effect of the education industry on state and local economies.

Describe the basic structure of public education in California (e.g., prekindergarten through grade twelve, community college, the California State University, the University of California), as well as private institutions.

Understand the legislative, economic, and social trends that affect the education industry.

Explain the differences in organizational structures at educational facilities, including relationships and interactions among personnel.

Integrate the process of developing quality teaching materials and resources for classroom instruction.

Evaluate various types and sources of quality, developmentally appropriate materials and equipment.

Demonstrate the appropriate use of current and emerging technology to develop instructional materials and support learning.

Assess available materials and resources for quality, accuracy, relevance, and grade appropriateness.

Design grade-appropriate instructional materials and resources, including those that augment educational materials adopted by the State Board of Education.

Evaluate the role of instructional staff in supporting the learning process.

Name behavior standards expected of students in classrooms, libraries, and bathrooms on the school grounds and during educational and recreational trips.

Demonstrate techniques for providing positive feedback on student work, attendance, and classroom performance.

Explain how to help the teacher with student instruction, assessment, and confidentiality.

Analyze a variety of individual and group teaching strategies and learning theories that promote effective learning.

Research the common typical and atypical learning challenges for students in a variety of curricular areas.

Formulate the components of effective after-school and recreational programs for individuals and groups.

List the purposes of after-school and recreational activities.

Summarize the important components and typical age-appropriate or ability-appropriate activities of various after-school and recreational programs.

Assess the recreational interests and needs of individuals and groups and develop appropriate activities.

Name operational procedures and organizational policies at various levels in education.

Identify the business procedures related to the acquisition of supplies and collection of fees.

Recognize the main workforce management strategies in education (e.g., shared responsibility and negotiation).

Implement appropriate procedures at the classroom level (e.g., attendance; observations; evaluations; illness, incident, accident, and injury reports).

State specific applications of government regulations in the education industry.

Describe the critical health and safety procedures that are used at a school site.

Identify the indicators of child abuse and neglect and the role of the mandated reporter.

Locate and understand the credentialing requirements for teachers of students in prekindergarten through community college.

Practice critical emergency and disaster procedures at a school site.

Identify state and federal environmental and safety regulations and the use of Material Safety Data Sheets (MSDS) as they relate to the education industry.

Recognize the typical hazards at the work site and know the procedures and practices that contribute to a safe and healthy environment.

Describe the staff procedures, duties, and responsibilities related to safety, emergency, and disaster preparedness plans.

Demonstrate how to use certified first aid, cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR), and other emergency procedures.

Summarize important elements of the physical, intellectual, emotional, and social development of children and adolescents.

Identify how typical and common atypical developmental patterns affect the educational progress of children and adolescents.

Explain the role of family involvement in the physical, intellectual, emotional, and social development of children and adolescents.

Diagram factors in heredity, family, culture, diversity, economic, abilities, and environment that may influence the development of children and adolescents.

Assess and evaluate evidence-based educational practices for the inclusion of children and adolescents with special needs.

Use positive interaction, guidance, and discipline in the educational environment.

List common behavior problems, possible causes, and develop potential positive solutions.

Define the types of positive guidance techniques that are used in various ages and stages of a child's development.

Demonstrate how to support the development of a positive self-image and self-esteem as well as independence and respect for oneself and others.

Practice strategies for building relationships and effective classroom management, including appropriate guidance and discipline.

Develop strategies for building relationships with all stakeholders.

Explain the role and purpose of standards-based instruction and assessment.

Identify relevant curriculum standards and demonstrate their use in instruction.

Understand the processes, implementations, and educator responsibilities of individualized education programs (IEPs) and Section 504 plans of the Rehabilitation Act and the Americans with Disabilities Act.

Understand the types, important elements, and purposes of student assessments.

Explain the process of assessment for early identification of remedial needs or other interventions.

Use the basic components of effective standards-based lesson plans appropriate for varying ages, learning styles, and diverse cultural backgrounds and abilities to write lesson plans.

Practice using teaching strategies that promote student learning, critical thinking, and problem solving.

Identify relevant curriculum standards, their significance to student success, and demonstrate their use in instruction.

Compare basic principles and practices of good nutrition and health and wellness for children.

Describe crucial safety and sanitary procedures to follow in the classroom related to good nutrition and health.

Identify services available to at-risk students and how to link students to resources.

Apply appropriate sanitation, health, and hygiene procedures for preventing the spread of infections and illnesses and for responding to allergic reactions.

Research the nutritional needs of children and the allergies commonly associated with food.

Detect common indicators of nutrition-related disorders and diseases.

Assess how to communicate and interact effectively with families and community groups.

Recognize the factors that influence effective communication between the school and home and how to foster familial involvement.

Summarize the ways in which age, abilities, language, culture, economics, and educational backgrounds may affect communication within and among families and the school.

Explain issues of diversity and how to exhibit sensitivity to cultural differences.

Family and Human Services

Recognize important aspects of the family and human services industry and the role of the industry in local, state, national, and global economies.

Describe the ways in which agencies and organizations provide family and human services.

Communicate the role and effect of this industry on individuals, families, and the state's economy.

Explore the legislative, economic, and social trends that have an effect on careers in the family and human services industry.

Diagram the organizational structure and hierarchy that shows the relationships and interactions among departments in both public and private sectors of this industry.

Facilitate daily living activities of individuals and families.

List the tasks of daily living and the types of assistance persons need with these activities, including assistance for persons with special needs.

Understand the importance of personal care and well-being to the physical and emotional health of clients.

Demonstrate the importance of privacy, independence, dignity, confidentiality, and respect for clients.

Develop procedures for shopping, banking, recordkeeping, and other services that will assist clients.

Research the various types of disabilities, potential barriers, and types of accommodations needed for clients.

Experiment with important consumer information, such as comparison shopping, disclosure on labels, warranties and guarantees, consumer fraud and identity theft, consumer redress, and consumer rights and responsibilities.

Distinguish common problems and crises affecting individuals and families of all ages.

Summarize the signs of emotional and physical abuse, emotional crises, and mental health issues, such as depression, isolation, substance abuse, stress, elder abuse, financial abuse, and neglect.

Explain behaviors that require intervention and outside assistance.

Demonstrate how to provide the information that individuals and families need to make decisions about seeking professional help.

Advocate for the importance of social involvement for individuals and families.

Defend the value of social, recreational, and educational activities for all ages.

Locate and evaluate the appropriateness of facilities and community resources for social support, recreational, and educational activities.

Recommend appropriate community resources for social, recreational, and educational activities to meet client needs for all ages.

Plan, conduct, and evaluate social, recreational, and educational activities appropriate to the physical, psychological, cultural, and socioeconomic needs of individuals and families.

Describe the principles of effective workforce and organizational management, including the roles and responsibilities of management and employees.

Define the outcomes of effective leadership and management, such as profitability, solvency, productivity, positive work environment, and client satisfaction.

Practice the main workforce management strategies, such as shared responsibilities, collaboration, consensus-building, and communication.

Compare the interrelationship, interdependence, and diversity of management and employees as they relate to workforce productivity.

Experiment with using organizational procedures and tools, such as business plans, budgets/financials, spreadsheets for payroll and inventories, recordkeeping, and communication with consumers.

Create a plan of how to identify and gain access to various sources of funding and services that serve individuals, families, and communities.

Locate the facilities and operational procedures used in the family and human services industry.

List the various types of care facilities that promote the independence of clients.

Describe the operational procedures related to quality control, inventory control, maintenance, storage, security, mailing, receiving, billing, and payment.

Become familiar with various types of liability, insurance policies, code compliance, service agreements, and contracts.

Evaluate facilities for the safety, well-being, and needs of diverse clients.

Recognize the local, state, and federal laws, regulations, and agencies established to protect children, adolescents, and adults, including older adults and other persons with special needs and abilities.

Adhere to the laws and regulations that affect providers of family and human services and their diverse clients.

Identify the ways in which local, state, and federal regulations and laws are enforced by regulatory agencies, including the California Occupational Safety and Health Administration, the Americans with Disabilities Act, and the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act.

Understand the typical policies and procedures established by employers to comply with local, state, and federal regulations and laws.

Interpret the stages of human development and the related needs of individuals and families.

Identify the behaviors and resources that foster the health and well-being of individuals and families.

Classify common needs, problems, and adjustments associated with life changes.

Develop ways to enhance the social and emotional health of individuals and families.

Diagram the characteristics and changing needs of the various stages of development throughout the life span.

Assess the special needs of clients and identify resources and agencies that provide services.

Apply the basic principles that promote health and well-being throughout the life span.

Select strategies that promote good health practices for all ages.

Recognize and describe signs and symptoms of health, illness, discomfort, and disease.

Evaluate foods in terms of their economic and nutritional value.

Plan and demonstrate exercise activities that are enjoyable, safe, and appropriate for the individual needs of clients.

Plan and prepare snacks and meals that meet the dietary needs of persons, including those with special dietary needs, by using sanitary and safe food-handling procedures.

Practice important safety, emergency, and disaster procedures to use for a variety of populations.

Recognize how to establish and promote good safety habits for all ages.

Discern the causes and preventions of common accidents and injuries.

Identify the specific health considerations of persons with disabilities.

Practice the correct procedures for dealing with emergencies and disasters.

Perform the procedures for basic first aid and cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) for infants, children, and adults.

Comply with the procedures that prevent the spread of illnesses, infections, and diseases, including blood-borne pathogens.

Develop interpersonal skills required to interact effectively with individuals and families of all ages and abilities.

Use the strategies that promote positive interaction between individuals, families, and agencies.

Apply effective ways to communicate and interact with culturally diverse individuals and families, such as using mediation, conflict resolution, and decision-making skills.

Create effective ways to teach individuals and families communication, mediation, conflict-resolution, and decision-making skills.

Integrate positive guidance and its application in helping individuals and families.

Interpret the concept of positive guidance and its benefits across one's life span.

Implement positive guidance techniques that are appropriate for clients and that promote independence.

Predict possible causes of behavior problems and conflict and demonstrate positive solutions, including behavior modification.

Pathway Standards

Knowledge and Performance

Academics

Technical Knowledge and Skills

Interpret and explain terminology and practices specific to the Energy, Environment, and Utilities sector.

Comply with the rules, regulations, and expectations of all aspects of the Energy, Environment, and Utilities sector.

Construct projects and products specific to the Energy, Environment, and Utilities sector requirements and expectations.

Coordinate with industry experts for specific technical knowledge and skills.

Maintain and troubleshoot equipment used in the energy, environment, and utilities industry.

Identify and evaluate questions that require skilled investigation to solve current problems cited in literature or media, or observed through personal observations.

Demonstration and Application

Utilize work-based/workplace learning experiences to demonstrate and expand upon knowledge and skills gained during classroom instruction and laboratory practices specific to the Energy, Environment, and Utilities sector program of study.

Demonstrate proficiency in a career technical pathway that leads to certification, licensure, and/or continued learning at the postsecondary level.

Demonstrate entrepreneurship skills and knowledge of self-employment options and innovative ventures.

Employ entrepreneurial practices and behaviors appropriate to Energy, Environment, and Utilities sector opportunities.

Create a portfolio, or similar collection of work, that offers evidence through assessment and evaluation of skills and knowledge competency as contained in the anchor standards, pathway standards, and performance indicators.

Communications

Recognize the elements of communication using a sender–receiver model.

Identify barriers to accurate and appropriate communication.

Interpret verbal and nonverbal communications and respond appropriately.

Demonstrate elements of written and electronic communication such as accurate spelling, grammar, and format.

Communicate information and ideas effectively to multiple audiences using a variety of media and formats.

Advocate and practice safe, legal, and responsible use of digital media information and communications technologies.

Career Planning and Management

Identify personal interests, aptitudes, information, and skills necessary for informed career decision making.

Evaluate personal character traits such as trust, respect, and responsibility and understand the impact they can have on career success.

Explore how information and communication technologies are used in career planning and decision making.

Research the scope of career opportunities available and the requirements for education, training, certification, and licensure.

Integrate changing employment trends, societal needs, and economic conditions into career planning.

Recognize the role and function of professional organizations, industry associations, and organized labor in a productive society.

Recognize the importance of small business in the California and global economies.

Understand how digital media are used by potential employers and postsecondary agencies to evaluate candidates.

Develop a career plan that reflects career interests, pathways, and postsecondary options.

Technology

Use electronic reference materials to gather information and produce products and services.

Employ Web-based communications responsibly and effectively to explore complex systems and issues.